once to Hitler's.
Into the grave must also go that oft repeated slogan, the inevitable stand-by of vacuous Salazarist diplomats in embassies all over the world, that Salazar brought order out of the chaos of 1926, that he has given peace to the Portuguese nation. What he has given the Portuguese nation is three bloody colonialist wars. While the people suffer from a brutal lack of social Services, his Defence Budget for 1968 amounts to 8,700 million escudos, of which about two-thirds represents expenditure in Africa. This does not include various extraordinary sums which will no doubt be allocated to the Army in Africa during the course of the year. To boast of having kept his people out of the Spanish Civil War and the Second nationable in the present circumstances We are all revolutionaries now and one of the increasingly popular ways for students to prove it, mass parties of Stalinism and is the convening of international conferences on the subjeot. This cummer has seen hectic revolu- is foroed to ald the rebuilding of revolution- Annrantinoc of reformist trade unionism and tacle. There seems to be a rejuo.
German omy and self activity romains Whole generation academio debate was ment with the struggles of the sion of the role of women and
escudos, of which about two-thirds represents expenditure in Africa. This does not include various extraordinary sums which will no doubt be allocated to the Army in Africa during the course of the year. To boast of having kept his people out of the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War would seem rather questionable in the present circumstances, but Salazar saw his role in Africa as do Smith and Voster in terms of a "civilising mission'. As be has always seen "civilisation' in terms of strengthening the escudo, he is being quite consistent, for certainly what is being fought out in Angola and Mozambique is the fact that the two coutries are vital to the strength of the escudo, their joint exports constituting 60% of the total exports of Metropolitan Portugal. This is why the Portuguese reserves keep going up in spite of enormous military expenditure. As one well-known exile is often heard to remark - Salazar is running imperialism on credit. While Krupp's subsidiaries mine iron ore in Angola, while surplus labour is being siphoned out of Mozambique and down the mines in South Africa under conditions which have caused violent protests from the ILO, dams, roads, and underwater cables are being built to forge the Holy Alliance of repressive dictatorships in Southern Africa. This is a picture of the multiracial and pluricontinental ideal of the Salazarists, justified by one of their leaders in this way — From Minho to Timor, we are a single country, all citizens being equal. An illiterate can no more vote in Lisbon than in Luanda!
If there is anything to mourn about it is that Dr. Oliveira Salazar did not die a long time ago. He was a worthy symbol of his 'civilisation' and when symbols begin to crumble can the death of the civilisation' be far behind?
MO TEITELBAUM. and one of the increasingly popu- country the popular base for the lar ways for students to prove it, mass parties of srannism and Is the convening of international Reformism has ceaod to exist conferences on the subject, This and where the student movement summer has seen hectic revolu- is forced to aid the rebuilding of tionary gathering in Frankfurt. a socialist labour movement, is Osio, New York and Massa seen py many comrades as some Carrara where delegates, drift- sort of heavensent chance to ers, hobos and CIA men have insert a left leadership, Students variously produced blueprints are always prone to ideas of vol. for the forthcoming and eagerly untarism; the new naroaniks awaited World Revolution. It's at many of these meetings seem certainly good for students to be to imagine that the herolo will of once again meeting specifically the student movement is able to in the tradition of revolutionary talk a mass working class moveinternationalism rather ment into existence. At a stage through the furniture of inter- where, if we are honest with Stalinism or in the ourselves, the immediate perdining clubs of European social spective is to retain and defend democracy. But what is increas. the enclave of radical politics ingly clear at such meetings is students have built and link it the shadowy and uneven level of to political militants in industry the student movement's develop- and on the estates, some of the ment and the tendency of many larger rhetorical schemes are a involved in it to believe what luxury we should do without. they read about themselves in For the first time for twenty the papers, The terrifying situa years over-pessimism might be a "The Black Dwarf's guide to aries; on the other hand the It's very dimoult to assess quite more spectacular prophecies to what extent these campaigns about the current orisis in inter. beyond photogenic national capitalism, the decline monstration political spec. of reformist trade unionism and tacle. There seems to be a rejucthe explosive power of student tence among German comrades to guerrillas is going to leave a lot cok closely at what was actually of people extremely disappointed, achieved during the Emergency The SDS Frankfurt Delegate Laws campaign when massive, if Conference was not exempt from shortlived, industrial work was this verbal conjuring although in done and whole factory combines gereral SDS has the firmest and bombarded with leaflets, At premost healthy organisational base sent the remains of this seems in Europe and a highly eleborate to be two projectgroups' active theoretic scaffolding to protect in Frankfurt and Berlin doing it. SDS sees itself in transition long term organisation in specifrom a student protest movement Tactories WiThin into an organied political oppo- Youth Section the Trade sition to the drift towards re- Unions, After France, more and pression and the right in German more comrades are interested in society. But while initiating this kind of work and are ap. crimaiens a03inst NATO, the proaching it with energy. But German Judiciary and the U.S. the transition from the univer.
Army, they have at the same sity hothouse to the lower temtime to build from scratch con perature ad more concrete think. acte with organised workers and ing of the factory is extremely difficult, especially so because a keep nold COT COnTaCTS WITH Beit setivity revolutionaries evere wiped out strong and valuable. And the by the combined efforts of Stalin Cormanio taste for complex and Hitler, There seemed to be academio debate was Indulged a danger that vicarious involve- at considerable length in discus. ment with the struggles of the sion of the role of women and Third World might simply be re- Technical education in modern placed by vicarious involvement the in the industrial struggle. QuestIOn" debate at one point The tension between those interrupted by a lady with dyed with a fundamental orientat.on, hair throwing tomatoes at the the anti authoritarian groups Chairman in an extreme.y formal and the remnants of the tradi- sort of way. tional electoral Old Left express- Certainly the accounts in the ed itself in protracted bourgeois press of the col apse of over oreanisation which ended SDS are miles out, but many of in deadlock and a recall confer. tha contradictions Which have ence planned for November. been concealed within SDS's very SDS are aware of the need to broad political spectrum are tighten up their very chaotic coming into the open, At present structure this was high- the state seems to be one of well lighted by the expulsion of 5 CP informed confusion and political supporters who sabotaged bar- experiment in very many direcricades at Cologne University tions at the same time .. after and supported the attack on one spark set France alight, the SDS President Wolf at the rest of us are committed to World Youth Festival in Sofia. throwing lighted matches around But the tradition of local auton. the room.