Socialist Challenge No. 65, 28 September 1978
The scan: sc-n65-sep-28-1978.pdf (PDF, Marxists Internet Archive)
Uncorrected machine reading of the whole issue. This text was read by machine (Apple Vision OCR) from the scan and has not been corrected or cut into articles. Each page gives the headlines first, then the columns in order, so one article runs on into the next. Expect misread words. Use it to find things; quote from the scan.
Page 1 scan of this page
Socialist Challenge A MESSAGE FROM JIM HENRY FORD
FORD WORKERS MUST WIN - pages 2,3, 4& 5
For
"The future of the depends on you lads
Labour's Watergate — Pages 8 & 9
*Now repent after me, Henry-
Labour government 599
No 65 28 September 1978 15p • Edward Bond: Why I wrote "The Women' - P.15.
Page 2 scan of this page
The Ford strike The lost Tribunes
EDITORIAL
Santorial o1-s B180/0, Distibution Advertising one B371. Challenge. 328/B Upper
and the
Labour
Government
THE OUTCOME of the Ford strike could condition the whole of British polities in the immediate fature. It could answer the whimper? Could moves to the right which we have recently noted question: will this Lahour government cod in a number of unions be reversed?
Despite the setbacks of the past two years, culminating in the deleat of the FBU strike at the end of 1977; despite the ascendancy of the right wing in a number of unions including the AlE: despite other setbacks of this character, no profound defeat has been suffered.
Important, it is clear that the rank and file leadership in the plants remains largely intuct. The retreat of Duffy in the face of the Lesland toolmakers was a real illustration of this fact. continuation of delensive struggles and even a gumher of important offensive disputes. We have seen the POEU struggle for 35 hours, the parity claims by the Leyland toolmakers and the Chrysler lorry plants, the social workers" demands for local new machines, and a whole series of plant-based produetivity fights and claims ISOLATION
perspective was suggested to oppose that of Callaghan and the trade union buresucracy. Hence these disputes remained isolated. When even a hint of openly confronting government policy was posed, the leaderships, as in the case of POEU, deralled the struggle.
threat and indicates the weakness of the labour movement.
their side.
MULTINATIONAL
the first place, otber car workers.
cast of living.
to action.
MASS MEETINGS
a call made for international solidarity.
working cluss.
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Socialist Challenge 28 September 1978 page 2
Street. London Rank and file pressure had heen building up for some time.
The working class has kept its organisational strength. More
It is for this reason that since the FB dispute we have seen the
agreements, the Bathgate strike for increased money for operating
To be sure, all these struggles remained sectoral. No alternative
This lack of an overall socialist alternative which could appear credible to a section of the working class now emerges us a real At present the Ford strike does not break out of this situation. Whilst the claim openly floats the government's 5 per cent incomes policy, it is posed by union leaders un a special cuse, Ford workers must reject the argument that they should get a pay rise any because Ford has made a profit. This will not win the Leyland und Chrysler workers, nor indeed the local government workers, Jo
In the face of opposition not only from a ruthless multinational firm but also from the government itself, the only guarantee of victory is to win the sopport of the rest of the working class — in
It is not so much the profit making of Fords which is centrul bet the need to nationalise all the car industry, Including components, under workers centrol; the breuking of the logic of production for profit and the need for automutic wage rises to keep pace with the
Of course, the present leadership of the strike will not do this. Socialists muse fight for a real alternative to the threats of Callaghan und the phoney ostrich-like 'special case' arguments of the Ford lendership. Atthe same time they most fight for initiatives which develop the self-organisation of the rank and file wherely such a political alternative can find u real basis of support and lead
The TUC will only be made to aét. The running of the strike must he taken out of the tands of the Ford National Joint egotiuling Committee and placed in the hands of a strike committee elected by a recalled national stewards conference. Flying pickets should be sent our from regular mass meetings to the ports und the airports to stop the movement of Ford products, and
Such a course would very quickly win the support of wide lasers of the working class and knock the sung smile off Callaghan's face whilst beginning to develop a real socialist alternative in the
the third succisive Lahour Party conTerence where Mc Des Hevan will not confront the licies of Revin and Gaitskell.
For while Tribune occasion ally indulges in muted criticism of the Labour povernment, Is supporters have refused to
The only organised opposi tion from within the Labou Party will come from the with a hang or a • Militant current. All that this will amount to a militant resolutions, militant speeches.
militant not-so-milinant votes, but no
In 1975, when the Wilson Cabinet was considering series of savage expenditure cuts and rigid wage controls under pressure from the IMF.
locsin.
They mel and agreed 10 a policy statement, which was published aver three pages in Tribune. This stated:
there are signs that the government
elieves that, sonichow, shonterm capitalist remedics large scale unemployment and cuts living standards. including savage public expenditure cuts are consistent
with long teren socialist plan ning. They are not, and we will not support thent.
They went on to declare their
chess. montutionary socialisti Me:
see-collaboracionism in the ladimur ming enours mess the power of the capitals stale
THE FIRST WORD
THE TATTERED banners of left social-democracy will not be in evidence at the Labour Parly conference in Blackpool next week.
dry-cleaners. But the sad fact disappeared.
significant current. aright opposition to wat ontrols: Far our own parl » would reject to statutory wage control and wowd not suppor other sunilar and scarcely distingusshable NOTICES The key words extracts we have quoted are will not support. The logic of this is to organise an opposition in the Labour Party and the mrade unions and launch a public campaign.
But, and there's the rub, they did support all the measures of (son/Callaghan regimes.
They Tailed criteria as left social-democrills.
Today their forces are in Lisarray Samue Tribunites act Loyal supporters of Michae Fool: others are more attached to Been; others still Mir. with Millant; and a few. perhaps two, responsive to the calls of the extra-parliamenlary or non Labourist left What do a Blackpool in 19787 We super that there is only a one word answer - nothing The RAR Concert at Brockwell Park on Sunday. A hundred thousand people were there; see pages 7 and 16. Capitalism is in crisis. The leaders of the 1 alour Party and the trades union offersolutions that are in the interests, not uf the worden, but of the capitalist socalist Chutenge betire thiet the too wital asks confronting
•To Build broad-hised raw struggle tendencies in apposition
ment, Thane should he nun-cactusin in character grouping togetber militants holding w wide range of political views
Such an unganisation should he haved on the understanding that!
The single sor surialive seeke to suite the light of the workers agrim as wilh that of other appressed layer of society black penple, good — strugging for their liberation. This endalism ea unty be schleved by westlag new unane of port and defeating with al
One rumour was that they had been sent to the
is that they've
TARIO ALI writes on the pathetic state of a once
The central issues confrontIne the warking class movement are ofvious and clear The chronic crisis of Britisit industry cannot be resolved by
British capital but hy a set of measures which clash with the interests capital.
Take the car industry. It is in What is posed at complete and mess.
both British Ley and and Ford is the question of nationalisation.
This cannot be the same as before. It needs to be under the control of the workers. who will determine whose interests these plants actonily serve
Whit is raised in the whole question of a national plan not as a fake attempt to play off
set of workers against another, hut to so how 1be whole economy could be re-organised
This question of planning is now being raised by a whole series of shop stewards and In maREs
On tie wages frant, the Ford dispute threatens the Labour
government in a way that rh
Fire Brigad Union
The internsb of murke
from Polaid and letting the frik people Arming there wen fume.
Grunwick strikes could not. A vierory at Ford could certainly unleash a chain of demands which would make it well nish impossible for the union leaders to contain -further struggles.
In the field of international polite, Labour has the blood of Hundreds of Zimbabwean freedom fighters on its hands.
The sanction busting cover-up scandal of Watergate proportions Will the Labour lelt accep Callaghan's nauseous apoloCand not demand full scale discussion both at the conterence and in parliament?
And what are the supporters of Tribune going to do abou the backing given by Callaghan to the Shal of tran? Is that. too, going to be quietly buried as the butchery continues in the streets and torture chambers of King of Kings'?
Zimbabwe, Iran, and dome stically the Ford dispute now threaten the cohesion of the Callaghan government SocialIsts outside the labour Party are already in the toretrone ol these and othe i strugales (such as the ANI, CARE, cic)
So far all they have got from even sympathetic Labour MP is words, words and more words. The 1978 conference will not be an exception. This fact alone indicates the exten to wilich the spectrum in th Tabour Party has moved to the right Our scinice will be infinitels mur democratie chan wass eviets in
itain luday, will Tell rights for all polinical parties and cuments (sarialism in the Disk and Fasters Furope tove reedied aiglion in the exerat she millinent mirkers benughont the workt. Me are sppied in Them sad will offer sull support on all those Nighting-tor sataller demerals.
and rapitalete are infecomedalde un workt
imperialist regimes in the West and the brutal dictatorships they vistain In tim In Britain a Implies demanding the immediate withdrus at ut Heili-s Ironp-
The Commudise Parties in Europe ure in crisis
strang for the merthrus of the copitalet stair New he hit maar?
seriaor parties ane more nassari than erer hefine. Condimins tida ali be built hs rejecting sectariannes and wring internal demicries not w ry bai sa vital acessib. the mess the right in urganie tacts
Page 3 scan of this page
FORD
Ford workers
speak out
We're
not a
case
ROB McCRAE,
operator in the press shop at
Ford, Dagenham, explained fo
Socialist Challenge how the
strike developed.
Since the Labour
KUYLEN
ment gor elected in 1974, there has not been any move to a national fight: Ford's.
But last year's claim saw the
beginnings of a mood amongst
the rank and file to launch some
The problem aps that
officiele and presenod to the company before we sot to see it
wan lumbered with a vety
Oe can шanand oi 13 por cent
Deplie many other dauses in the long shopping list of demands, management was able to buy olf a strugeic by offering 12% per cent.
The officials led by Moss Evans sut on the fence. They refused to call for acceptance of management's offer, but they also refused to
Added to this, votes at mas moctings are not based on a "head count" of Ford workers, but on a 'plant by plant' basis - cach plant having an squal voice despite their different
si his situation bs stil the same
this year. The difference is the MaSSIE ILLUSU LEHE AMALIE support of the claim, which was drawn uD not sust D full-time convenors committee but by the 4 June conference of shop stewards in Coventry.
This claim has generated massive cothusiasm on the shop foor. Many workers starting THE WORKERS in the Ford plants al Southamoton:
Halenund were the first to walk HUE YuE CY DAFO OL EI management's derisory offer.
MARK TURNBULL I0 GEORGE HITCHMOUGH olve of the striken
Halewi
been there He wasn't surprised by the reaction to the Ford offer,
hundred toolmakers immediately packed up when they beard it on Thursday.
And at 2.30 in the afternoon the body and white workers did | about
specialt
press good
McCRAE, Hugenham waring a badge, produced by the unotficial rank and Workers" Combine for the full claim with no
A OEKETE have not been known for their militancy showed real interest in the claim.
What's -BILS determined to fight this year when Ford annonced massive profits of E250 million.
With Company son, Sir Terry Beckett being 'rewarded" with increase of HD per cent, worth f459 per week and taking him to oNer E54,000 a year, they had no intention of heing fobbed off with some derisory offer. At Dagenham, it was at first left to shop meetings organised by the stewards who recommended at 24-hour stoppuge, to
A bigger share of the cake'
assembly shop for the rest of the day.
When the workers came in on Friday moring there was a spoke mass meeting which prodeced
Total support for a strike. "They make the profits
hide i cicar that Ford's record profits were not the most important point in the stile. "We're case, we ure fighting the cent limit. Look at the local goveroment workers, they've put in a sinashing claim'
And the claim is cot lust WALCHE he
show solidarity with strikers ar Halewood and elsewhere.
With this degree of action the union leadership was clearly
recommendation, taken lo the Monday mass meetings, called
trate an organising the strugale and ensure no retreat on the full claim, What's really important 15 Thar we den't leave it up ro the full-time officials. file W C'vE them in the past - calling who is the chief TWU officer
respotuible for Ford negotiatoms, previously hamble district secretary for
the area that covered Dagehham In 1974, during the press
WAETE shop strike,
BICS JACCH OVE EET TERS C the stewards with full cooperatob of the Company rocomChairper- mending a return to work, after
only onc wock of strike action.
salary We can't rely
people. That's wy is vital there are regular mass meetings and the election of local strike computlees to run che dispute Most soporlaot must be a recall of the Coventry national shop stewards confercoce to elect a national strike committee
the same. The paiat, trim and | showing his badge, stopped work pay and 1 hour off the day'
25 years ago he worked anly 17%2 bours each wock in the tines, new he bas ao work a regular 44 hours for Ford, George pointed to the central partance of regalar sirike CIn.
largely coverage celevsion tor news of the strike.
BUL a SpecE
5 per Large pickets
manste on theres o and plants Southampton, to prever the renovai of contponents to Ford stressed, | facrories abroad via the docks.
FORD workers lobby the pay negotiations in Moscow Place, London.
FORD WORKERS are out on strike for a wage claim that would breach the Social Contract.
On this page we talk to a number of Ford workers and stewards about the background to the claim and the strike, and how they are organising to win the battle with the bosses and the government.
ofticial
we've pot to concen
had experience Koll Todd HIE BEITE
IWOR Basspun 25 a her and
the press.
The organised a
pro-capilabist, Tory
working peaple.!
of all, there
who had just
action. -120 en the ERSTE news nationully wilhia Ford. in the press and Prior
#TE DeIng
Trennnt the buresucrats.
"This
strike
will escalate"
FOLLOWING the mass meet-
Dagenham body decisions. plant on Monday, Sid Harraway, Communist Party mem-
convenor the relused to stewards committee talked lo for?
BRIAN GROGAN report»,
"We doe'l want to challenge tomorrow. the authorits of the govern
Harraway declared, 'but it is coming to us in a contradictory way. If it pursues
policies, warkers? hen it has only itself to blame Ior the loss of support troi
Harraway's leftism reflected regular the high feeling of the several hundreds af jubilant workers
voted nearly unanimously for all our strike
Would he be making any demands on the TUC? "The TUC i alteady committed to supporting the fight against the
The Ford (UK)
Workers Combine
THE FORD (UK) Workers'
is a lefa-wimi ARARATAI wimsthe strike it In distributed thousunds of leafIels culling for a fight for €20 a week and a reducton En BoUrs. in the face of vaciflation from
Contact:
During the strike they are putting out leaflets and badges. 25
Next week Socialist Chal- 1 SW2. Tel: 01-471 5584.
1msts
005- X0090
0% 51.
HARRAWAY, chief steward
5 per cent through Congress
But wasn't this the case with the fire rigters which the
mobilise suppor 'Yes. But maEy thinu nave changed sance inen. ois strike will escalate. The whole of Ford will be closed down by
Thüs is where the real steenerb Jieg.
Did this mean he would be figling to mobilise the full strength of the Dagenlam
week
"We are so solid chat ouly token picketing is required. We live. con't need flying pickets and
MACCHI necessary the doeks will be blacked through the official machinery of the TaG. special call is necessary The union fully supports the strike.
Harraway didn' feel chat the Ford workers were taking on the govermnent. Fords could pay and should ignore the 5 per leage will talk to ane ot th Combisr adonr i0 rade
the meantime sapporers in Ford shoald contact the Combine and get involved in its work.
The Secretary.
Ford (LK) Workers" Combine.
Deanner House,
• CONFET!
The claim...
*A £20 a week all round increase in pay
** 5 hour reduction in the werking week for all Ford werkers, without loss of puy. Once achieved this cannol b taken buck by Inflation. To prevent redundancies and create lew jobs.
80 per cent of full par during all lay-affs- For a guaranteed week's pay, work OE IO AIrH
*The claim ubo includes clauses to limprove pensions, holidays, holiday bonuses, and und conlitions of shift and line demands to improve the workers and the offer
*A madmum of 5 per-cen increase for all workers, other words average weekly
within the range of 17:04 UF14-7/
*More money sould be
• If agreement conld he found sell Tinancing plans "for improving the company's efficiency und productivity deals.
*No decrease in the working
the cotopany'" producis would not be competi-
*No payment for luy-offs caused Tan- Internal dispute'. IF soppages of work are cimenated such lay-ofis would not occur.
*No improvements in holidays. holiday pry. pensions, or forshift and line workers.
-CIS Ani Report THE ANTI-report on Ford ion Serie unte informa
Services
From: CIS, 4 Poland Sc London W1. Tel. 01-439 3764. Price 90p, plus 15p pép.
Socialist Challenge ZH September 1978 page 3
Page 4 scan of this page
1 believe in having the membership with me
Labour's facts of life
Organising to win
FORD
curb, but free,
general secretary, told Callaghan last week.
means by this in relation to the Ford strike.
Moss Evans was chairperson
mittee during the 1971 Ford
are not unreascmable
This time round, Evansagain thinks that the Ford workers? claim is reasonable, because of the massive profits that the company has been making.
nine-week national Ford strike started, as
management made an insulting offer,
they will argue now, that Ford would be unable to compete if they granted the claim, 'Britain" would be the loser.
Evans' philosophy is simple. Shop-Noor reduce the risk of disputes, as he explained in 71: 1 believe in having the membership with
Socialist Challenge Is ducing leaflets for distribution at Ford plants, and another leallet for the wider labour movement.
Order your leaflets today. f1 per 1,000 leaflets.
The Ford plants in Britain and North of Ireland Dagenham, with 24,500 work-
2,000; Southampion
Swanses. 2,100; Entield. 1500: Divenir NE: Lesmington, 1,200; Belfast, 1,140;
1,000; 540; Avels. 380; Croydon, 320; Treforest 250. taken to the heart of the labour movement.
the government's pay
to stand firm.
do to support the strike.
*Put down a resolution or in the support for the Ford strike at YOur S100 stewards
committee, branch,
TOLS COUL dE LEW Can
*Make sure they get coller-
bon sheets, start organising
CHICLEENE.
*Try to get officiul deinon-
strations of support for the
Ford strike orgunised by trades
COUnCE IN cooperation with
local Ford strikers,
*Try to gel a Ford worker
Invited to speuk to explain the
*Demand the TUC ture its
Congress resolution opposing
the 5 per cent and the 12 month
Socialis Challenge 28 September 1978 page 4
Moss Evans, Ford workers' friend
*THE COUNTRY does not need another tight pay
socially responsible, bargaining, both in the private and public sectors."
That's what Moss Evans, the Transport Union's
RICH PALSER tries to understand what Evans
me, so that 1 can say to an employer that a deal 1 make is a deal that will be kept, because l
it on behalf of our membership.
In 1971, faced with anger and demands far action from the shop floor, this meant, as now, making the The nest step is to clinch a In 1971. Mr Ford's impatjerice, when the strike went into its seventh week, Ted him to have words with the Prime Minister. and AGREEMENTS can Even the President of the United States Auro Warkers:
Lten, who favoured lang term" wage agreements. was pro- and Jones that a sellement was needed:
After talks with the Prime Minister, this dynamic duo had secret talke with Ford's management, and arrived at a deal.
In return for ans improved offer. Including future rises of ares E2 in December 1971 August 1972, they agreed on a settlement to last for two years, Management made only one
union sign agreement.
In order to sell this to Ford workers, instead of the usual mass meetings and show of Hands, a secrel nostal bailor was arranged.
What militants should do
THE FORD strike must win. This message must he
A victory for the Ford strike would bust wide open
policy. The government and Friud bosses know it. That's why they're determined
We must be equally determined in our support for the Ford workers. Here are some ideas of what you can
working action. Don't let Ford become unother Fine Brigades disaster! has submitted now. Action HOTHERS MURDERES DOELER is the hest way of supporting SALUTE SERIO *Twin the Ford workers on the picket lines. Get your union hady lo send official delegations. Make sure dockers and airport workers boycor any
components ties to glee their -Contact TOPERLED support. In the 197) strike. workers at Armstrong Patents rule and supporting a reduction in York and Full, at Ght in
collective official.
No chance to collectivel: diseuss what to de; whether it was possible to win more; or for opponeati of the deal to say why it should be rejected One worker at the time said: *After nine weeks on strike you read something in the paper. Perhaps you go round to your mates.
and
Those are that the
strike in the wages fight.
pleased for Labour to stay in office so long as they carry their number one role: policing the working cluss in the wages and Cardiff, at Luens and Wilmell Breeden In Birmingham und at BSC in Wresham were sit oil or Dur on snor
Try to get such Nehind the Fordworkers. *In 1971, the press tried to SISE UN BIC ERIC SORT DOC to oppose the strike. Wives can week Into
support of thestrike.
A bove all, maximum united wage claim, action in support of the Ford strike is needed. Readers and
supporten of Socialist ChalTenge should seck cooperation with with Big Flame, with the ISA and with all other orgunisations and individuals in orguning to win:
If you nea Ford striker... *The Ford strike cannot win on its own. Remember the Fire Brigades strike. port to be won for the strike. because the Ford strike against the 5 per cent i everyone's
Eg chow ofhands" was no hope.
Wage claims pending
WHEN Jim Callaghan announced that the date of the General Election was postponed, the Stock Exchange shot up. When the Ford workers took action for their claim into their own hands it plummeted.
the facts life for government. STEVE POTTER examines the line-up
The City gents are only too struggle.
IS LEE they've workers lo government stand full square ising price
mully
nise the struggle. organising in The made
*Insist maximum
strugele. be accountable Insisting There's sup- ensure...
MOSS EVANS 14th from left] with members of the Us Auto Horkers Einion in London during the 1971 strike.
'You travel into the plant. A few placards saying No hallot
NO ONE LE talk to. Ah fuck it" you say.
Workers at Haleapod and Swansea refused to go back for a time. but after Moss Evans
Jack Jones man, Callaghan's
If they can't do that, then the sume bosses who heap Tulsonne BUTALIT praise on Callaghan today will he kickine him where it hurts birter
in help them.
union is Ford is a special case only because of the strike, and not
reformist because of Ford's super profits.
Ford workers ure out because suffered the same news for:
pay police und everyone else.
stewards conference that origi-
Now the stewards must orga-
police for Coventry conTerence sedlement date BUTTERIE for being
recalled. It must be recalled
regular mass meetings of all those on strike and the election of local strike committees based on those actively lavolved in the strike. The
*I's the workers on strike who mast be in control of the
National negatiators responsible and them. pure on this we claims
No Retreat on the Full Claim:
Reg Birch, the Engineering | Union's negotiator, went back
COCHE ID tried to stop official endorseJent of theden. He attemnied to censure Scanion for his role
Moes Evans ronk no such action against his hoss. He's a
whit the labour Gosersmient means to really
limit. And why they told a
Lers that they would be getting even less than the five per cent, to take secount of "wage deit'
But the Ford workers' action could change all that. Last year
suw the firelighters eventually lose after a long and
fight, betrayed by TEC leaders who did nothing
In British Lesland, small groups of werhers have fosght bitterly: often against true
bosses fronting for Michael Edwardes.
Only in one or two plants. like Cowles, have plant leaderships stuck to their guns and
could unity Leviand workers against the parlicipation plans of trade union afficials and
PIan leaderships
So the Ford strike is good
-1,200,000 manual local
daimed a 260 minimum wage and the 35-iwur week
-250,000 hospital ancillary
similar their 27 Ocioher
*40.000 water workers whi were only knocked hack from strike acrion last yeur by the acceptance of 10 per cent by the mantual worker.
MAJORITY
Nationat Public Employees, which represents the majority of liest workers, has asked its area and divisionni committees to pre
contingene? plans lor strike uction in pursuit of thest
The best way to claim. as well as giving real solidarity to Foed workers, is to
Evans supported the Social Contract but now wants a return to responsible collective bargaining When he says responsible, it should cacan responsible lo the membership Not responsible in the cyes of
bosses and the Governput these plans into effect now
If the NUPE leaders wont do it, then the action should be organised by wage action committees in the leculities. demanding hacking from their
The Ford workers, by taking
their final setlement date, have wul their neantarors on the spot. They can have no doabt what the wishes of the runk und
SETTLEMENT
The for the Conley claira, which nims to restore living standards to the level they were at in 1974 - the heginning of the Social ConTract — Is due on 1 November.
SHET will never he H stronger position to secure tleir Justified claim thun it ties take action now. Throughout the car Industry the time is tipe to put forwund a wider stralegy to all car workers ul the tresses expense.
Nationalisation of the car Industry under workers control would prevent the burehering of British Lesland workers Jobs, It could also provide u struless to stop the crisis of the car industry being visited on the heads of car and car component workers.
There will he no special cases under this Labour government. Callaghan bas made this print absolulely clear. However. a united offensive on wages can make the Lahour
aiscoal musterity measures explode in EDIT CITE MELT
forward, credible, aliernalive socialist policies. And it's on that basks that we can start to Build a new left wing in the trade class struggle policies, and to form a unitied revolutionary org-nisation.
Page 5 scan of this page
figure twelve months earlier. That's the incredible market, It is the single biggest car seller in Britain.
bloodstained
FORD
Ford not against the Nazis
THE HISTORY of Ford is that of one of the world's masi rathless and bloody. private employers - even by capitalisi standarus.
The company's founder, Henry Ford, was violently
The leader of the American Nazis, Frice Kate, was on the
As late an 1938 Ford accepted the Nazi German
Ford bad set up a special plant in Germany to manulacture trucks for the Nazi armies.
Safety last
AT THE HEART of Ford's profits lie continual speed-up and cuts in staffing leveh.
The casualty, of course, has been health and safety. In 1975 Ford had a mere six medical staff and one industrial nypienist and assistant for a fotal of 60,000 workers.
Cancer caused by oil on the skin. swart limbs JUST accidents, deafening through noise, lungs danaged by tar fumes coke — these are all everyday hazards in the different sections of Ford's.
At the Dagenhum body plant alone there are Ho-140 eye injuries reported every month.
FORDS DISCIPLNAE
FORD fought bitterly against union organising in the 1930%, using a 3.500-strong private urmed force and an army of spies in the workforce, It would willingly return to such melhods of open violence if it got the chance.
And it's not just Ford workers who suffer safety means less profits. Take the customers who bought the Pinto model.
Even before its release on the market, tests showed that the petroi tank burst in any crash at over 30mph, meaning that the cur was bkely to burst into By 1977 over 500 people had burned to death in crashes. Tet for right Ford Fought off against fire harards in the car.
In this time it sold two million Pintos.
Anvund 70 people a year for continue to burn to death as a result of this policy. Because dead people help lo keep Ford's bank bulance high. cuts,
from STA
record of Ford in Britain. because Fighting
for control
THIS continual drive for profit means that Ford are engaged in trade union and especially shopfloor power and control.
Pinto During The
Ford Joint Shop any call to Committee at Dagenham buile TOCCAMIST up tremendous strength.
Union control on the job was didn's have to make appoint-
will it was the other way round. The
stewards demanded the handing over of the work schedules and altered them.
Such shopfloor power meant conditions for workers. But it Lower profits for the company, and so was unacceptable to TENNES In autumn 1962 the deputy convenor plant, Bill victimised. Less workers out of 5,000 apposed a it was called off after pronises
A SINGLE year's profit of £264 million
Ford's international empire produces 1 in 10 of.all cars sold worldwide. The British plants are only a part of its European network. But the latter is becoming steadily more vital to the whole operation.
In the United States, Ford has been steadily losing
Ford's
millions
General
that the reinstate him.
smash organisation decisions.
Clare 1950s the Stewards and sacked.
wonderul sewards stalling collapsed
Ford workers paid,
largely rebuil
again In Tasted for nine
secret meeting Icaders Jack Scanlon.
of the stewards.
organisation.
the was launched also meant ship connivance.
Fi company deal.
Francis, was to be a steward. than His section
parts of the factory The end result workers was clear.
For the company,
Britain ind
Tertles companies worla, With
challenge which
double the out to General Motors. But in Europe it sells more cars | to rake in such incredible sams. from leaders of the Transport &
Workers Union and the Blastfurnacemen's Union
company would
Ford refused to allow the workers mack, nowever, wam position to they had individually signed an agreement lo accept company
Militant organisa tion was then broken up by the reallocation of hundreds of News workers to new jobs. Seventeen key millants were wooded out
plants;
The results for Ford were
and redactions
Days lost in strikes fell from 184,000 in 1961 and 415,000 in 1962 to a mere 3,400 in 1963.
became the with the worst conditions. in the British motor
In 1969 the organisation so badly damaged in 1962 was
after successful strike led by the shop stewards. This was the signal for Ford to go on the offensive
the 1971 strike, which weeks, Ford agreed a 'no strike deal at a
with union Jones and Hugh This was then rasened through over the heads
The congany then set to work to bicak up shopfloor
Al Halewood a total assault on shop steward organisation
when the company, with union leader.
moved shop steward John Dillon from his section because it had opposed
and permanently deprived him of the right
defended him with a strike. Within a year Ford had broken up the section and sent the 29 men to different
for Ford Wages in other car firms raced ahead of level, theirs. Hy Fely 1974 the basic ralcof day-shift line workers in Chrysler, Coventry was £53.57 In Ford if was a miserable G8
however the outeome of the 197l strike in the cost of was bonanza a was then toar Ford-started its triumphant rene menest cas sales in
present making Le there be no doubt about
the Callaghan's раскадс hacking it will'stopa: nothing it in feels it can win. That is the
than anyone else, with a 12 per cent share of the
Its overseas sales are also more profitable. In 1976, sales outside North America accounted for 30 per cent of production but 41 per cent of profits. In 1975. the peak recession year in the USA, ever 70 per cent of its profits came from its overseas operations.
On this page JOHN ROSS explains hop Ford is able
Divide and Rule
FORD uses its multinational
full advantage aguinst workers who, at best, are only orgenised nationally workers are told through Ford
plant abysmally unproductive in
GETIME while workers Germany are told that the high value of the German mark makes them less competitive than the British factories.
Ford plants are carefully sited —on the basis that there's nothing like a dose of mass unemployment to keep workers in line und the profits rolling in.
DEARE Liverpoel wai opened in 1963 unemplesment in the North- for lisell.
And at Leyland
Cowley claim
points way
WORKERS at British Leyland's Cowley Assembly plant endorsed a wage claim for £100 a week at a mass meeting on 14 September.
The Ford workers" massive boost, reports MICK LAST.
The Cowley claim is a model of its kind. It aims to restone living standards to their 1974
SULTUTE LALY METE SHANEE by the Social Contract.
In addition to the E100 claim there is a clause which would provide for a 1 per cent wage increase far every I per cent rise
living. This 1 ofien called a sliding scale
This has the effect of making the claim inflation proof while
clear that the responsibility for price rises lies with the ruling ciass not with the 'greedy' warkfance,
Implemenied, the total -includes other aspects like 100 per cen: sick pay — would be a sure way 0 mag Ine Cowies
West world mean a tame
workforce - though on this
occasion they got it wrong
Toduy a new plant is heins
built at Bridgend in South
Wales. Recent steel closure
Just happen to have sent local
unemployment rocketing. The
cowed workforce lies behind
the company's widespread ase
of "contract immigrant labour
in continental Europe. These
workers only come for a limited
stay, have few or no trade
union or political rights, and can be instantly sacked and deported if they step out of line
Racism is also a notorious weapon of Ford management in Aritaio. Incitement by white Foremen against West Bachan and Asian workers is common, and hus led important struggles in Dagenham.
By this disiding its workers. Ford keeps up the rate of profit action should give them a
workers living standards.
The shop stewards in the plant, elected nine months ago
intend to pot up a serious fight for the claim
The near unanimous vole at the 14 September meeting, ascended by 3,000 workers. showsthat the warkforce is Still righr behind the plant leader ship, and the possibilities for action are strong.
But the Cowley claim is th only one so lar submitled b any Leytand plant.
Olliers aTC the mceting of the Leyland com COLL WHO BUNTHEI which means that a golden opportunity to link up with the Ford struggle could ship by
Sociulist Challenge 28 September 1978 page 5
Page 6 scan of this page
7 Oct: Garners, Drylanders, Hounslow The struggles that
HOME NEWS
government.
effort to build support.
Garners: 8 months on
THE MESSAGE Irom the Garners restaurant strikers in Central London is one of a continued need for physical and financial support. KEV WOOD reports during this, the eighth month of the dispute.
The sirike for union recognition is currently stalemate, although Garners profits have been cut by 80 per
-commitlee
cannot face the end of scason
LABOUR
MATERING
INEUS E
Socialist Challenge 28 September 1978 page (
won't go away
THE WORKING CLASS can be forgiven if it sometimes overlooks the fact that we have a Labour
On Saturday 7 October workers engaged in three separate struggles are holding pickets and railies in an
They are struggles which would be understandable under the Tories, but... It's up to us to help them win!
decline in trade and that the deadlock will soon be broken.
Supplies have been boycotted, and the management has to nick up goods from the London markets, Throughout the course of tbe srike. pickets have assaulied A case against the boss's wife is due to come up in court on 27 October The comparison with Cirun wick is one that boss Cyril Margolis is only too cager lo make. Waiters at Garners took 55-hour week before the strike. SUPPORT
AVE
L our like conferi
The strikers are only 1oo aware the workers in the catering industry - many of them from abroad
are lookine towards eir lead, and that demoralisation will result it the crushed.
Saturday 7 October is to be a day of solidarity, starting with a mass tilly nt 30m at Soenkers Corner. There will be speakers
Grunwick, and the Sandersons SETAS. - BADE 18th montis,
The rally will be followed by been march to the Carners SECURIOUS Square.
Support on the daily pickets and urpently nooded. Sce What's Left for details.
Hounslow: anniversary of resistance HOUNSLOW HOSPITAL in West London is celebrate a year of occupation with two days of
OCCUPATION COM MITTEE says...
Mark 2
speakers ... coach to Carnival 2...
staff sudent union has retused lO sign a cheque for the coach chat
sudents booked Carnival 2,
uncil has banned the Al from usine council premises while allowing the Nationai Front access. The ban covers Brighton Poly, srudent union will continue to invite the League to address HILLS
*The authorities at North Trafford FF Callege, where 60 per cent of the students arc irom overseas, have imposed foes of El, 502 a vear for those beginning .Ocourses:
Not surprisingly, intake has dropped from 160 to 38. With voluntary redundancies now ELITES NATFHE colleee, the net result is quoras against course closures. the closure of the college
• At Park Lune FE College in Leeds, following an invitation IrON THE SUNCOT ARE TO LE ANt. the principal lies baased all political organisations 'pressure groups addine thar the students can no longer have a full time president.
if this bas is cot lifted. the students will organise a mass Tally.
A successful arrack on the richr of snident control their own frances will l
low-paid our patients away in ansbulanoes. wards devastated.
They
strike is to save our hospilal.
OCCUPY
Transport Union, re-opened. tained a approachine als
-Trafalpar
Cub become a
- not least - funds are
and campaigns
campaigns fighting
ЗІННН
rasded our hosgital.
We have
Student unions
face Thatcher
STUDENTS in Brighton banned from Inviting ANL
Funds withheld from Leigh students'
PAMELA HOLMES writes on the attacks now facing student unions across the country. *At Leigh Technical College, | Have a shattering effect on the
treasurer of the
for Education Minister,
TELLULLAL
on what it wanted.
where the seiting qui
basis for independence unsons.
our unions!'
ship. and A-level such subitission.
in a period by CADERIE CLISIS members at the D it manoeuvring
students, and possibly secks 2
3010 contract'
working education, standard of tving.
And
unions la hour movement alike.
our hospital on 6 October and stole
private they left DUT
thought by smashing our six-month work in they had ended the struggle
We decided to stay occupy until our hospital was
We have main24-houst picker; operated the switch hoard for the oul patients depariment and the health education centre.
We have helped to build an arca-wide campaign against the
COME hospital has popular meeting place for local orgamisations
•the cute
the strength that comes from
Fightback is now a national
with almost a hundred affiliates hased on Hounslow Hospital.
This is our reply to those who
found
JSHES SCHERIE
The occupation,
tion.
Municipal
social, cultural, and political
In 1972, when the then Tory
Margaret Thatcher, sought to destroy the autonomy of student unions, the NUS was absolutely clear
A memorandum was sent to The Department of Education
what the NUS COULDN considered to be the minimum
ensuring the of student
The message was Hands off
Today's Broad Left leader-
dominaled by the QUILIS Communist Party, has nade no
It scems to Workers consider independent organisation at a luxury to be sortested
social and regrades
for position as a respectable junior partnerin negotiations with the strikee
while the DES quiescent student itovement that accepts cut- sitting hack. hacks and helps to implement
The cost of such a socia.
is a student movement which is incapable of joining in the struggles of the
class for jobs. and a decept
thai kind of to cocourage development which must be The opposed hy che student and
confusion in the trade union movement because every real Sruggle has brought workers into conflict with the policies of the Labour Government. which has the support of the TUC
While we agree there is crus, we cannot agice with
the expense of working people.
On 6 and 7 Delober, we are commentorating our occupa tion with two days of activities. rally
We still have a lot to leam and we are saviting friends from all over the country share experiences with us in workshop discussions on how to understand and fight back agains, the many problems of Drylanders: no trespassing THE CRIMINAL Law Act (better known as the Criminal Trespass Act) has been wheeled in to mow down 140 workers
are the - Drylanders textile firm in Liverpinn.
for their which began weeks age, is lie 'crime" of fighting for their jobs. plant owners, Willian Glass berstanders Is now she liganda shut shep
The decision to occupy wus
which scemed to the General and Workers Union.
Social workers
rise up
THE DAY of action yesterday by social workers throughour
La step escalation of a dispute in which
have been on strike for almost
reports DAVE BURN of Islingron NAI.GO. the
The day ni achion with a march and rally in London, was
called unofficial All London Social
support of the demand
workers. for
43. then officially supported by NALGO's London district. In spite of the Southwark, and Newcastles. Tower Hamlers, union leadership has been
As Dick Charlion, a social services shop steward in Tower
схрізінк:
NALGO leadershup has held back other social workers, such as those in Bret, from striking, and has not backed local acton will a national campaign of pubbcity and support in order
: escalation. strikers in Tower culled Hamlets are prepared now for a long strugale. But Charltor
sires, Taunica employment. low pay, rights plen and back people, how to deal with poverament
litics, and how we start to fipht for a socials health service
Fridas, 6 October. After-
nity hospital to aren health authority. Evening: Films, theaite. music Saturday, October: Noon, march and
(assemble Haunslow Hospital). 21gen workshop discussion Evening: films, songs, video.
Hounsiow Hospital, Staines Rd. Hounslow, Middx. Tube: Hounslow Central. Tel. 01-570-4448.
Officials advised the women to keep it quiet.
St Helens Trades Council has decided otherwise. SAL emergency meeting last Sunday
pickels if the hailiff's attempt to CUTLETTE court's eriction
It has also called for a march to the factory on 7 October,
centre al 10.30 am.
кентсь. concerned to detend johs and Tient Die Criminal Law Act. IE Is affiliated to CACIL, the campaign which has done much to drow the attention of the
BUT CHOLER the implications this Act, happily sanctioned hy the Labour Government considers:
"I's crucial that the strikes are spread lo ather bornnens Pressure has to he mounted 1o
Lewisham and Wandsworth social workers are approaching
NALGO. executive for -backing strike action, and Liverpool and Chester are in the pipeline
ABC part 2
THE ABC official secrets triul
scheduled to re-start at the
Bailey on Tuesday 3 October, with a picket from Pяe 1o 2pm. Althe formal bail Bearing last Monday, the delendant were told that the new jury, like the last, would be
One of the sine charges
Duncan Cumpbell has been dropped, and four Labour MPs
Jo Richardson. Robin Corek, Philip Whiteheard, und Christopher Price have
Attorner General Sun Silkin to ahandon the trial I altogether.
Page 7 scan of this page
100,000 ROCK the Nazis
Park in Brixton for Carnival 2.
Brick Lane to defend it against the Nazis.
The sun was smiling as the
trains began to pull in at Euston
and the cooches reached Hyde
Park. Slowly but surely the park was filling up. Soon it was a sea of hanners.
platform Roberts was getting the rall
HUnCU. CaLE HO DOIOA SPOKO first but said molling new. in his spocch. A lot oraner in his speech. A lot
which, SOUIULE
Then there was
Scargill. He
political speech of the rally -
exolasned wav the racists and
Cascists had to be fought, why
he Anti Nazi League was suçi an important initiative and why
it had to be built.
LABOUR
it the AL erednee that offered the
politics of bope rather than the politics of fear":
Beno's presence sugeests chat the Labour Party has decided that votes can be gained as-well by fighting racism, Though Emie Roberis's attempt to use / the chair to pliug Benn as leader
Ule LabNuT sectanan and constituted misuse oi nn ANL blalforn
There were: a lew socecnes and then the march left, toarrive at Brockwell Park a lew hours later.
On the way was masic and dancing and slogans ('One, iwo three and a bir..the NF are a load of shit* seemed the mose popular amongst school students). "REVOLUTION'
Ar Brockwell Park there were tents Tor different groups. but they were all dw arfed by the CEOUE Sociulist Challenge and Revolution, the new revolutionary socialist youth pa прег
Incidentally thin last was a massive success. Two thousand were sold at the Carnival and the response was terrific.
Altbe Rock Against Racism CUILZIL comperes anti-fascist chants and groups (especially Misty) were clearly delighted with CUUS.
SHAM 69
Jimmy Pursey from Sham *69 also appeared denying eports which had appeared ir the recent isue of Melody Maker.
Nearly 40,000 people had assembiod in Brockwell Park alone, a clear indication that all talk of diverting the Carnival was foolish in the extreme.
All in all, Carnival 2 was a massive sucpesst Nothing can take thar away.
ANTI-RACIST NEWS
Carnival 2 a big success
AGAINST
RACISM
IT WAS a big success. Despite all the hostile publicity in the press, 100,000 people gathered in Brockweil
At the same time East End anti-racists gathered in
MYRA TREVELYAN and DAVE WAX were at the Carnival. DAVELAWRENCE was in Brick Lane.
...and
meanwhile
at Brick
Emir
Lane
The fascists had deliberately Arthur chosen BLACCIL acerenver to darupt Carnival 2. The choice confronting the ANL was not an casy one.
They decided to go ahead with the Carnival, bur East End anti-fascists mobilise to defend Brick Lane and its environs.
sece cd ying poi he Double tha
were märching Embanknient ai 2pm to their new headquarters in Shoredich.
FOOLHARDY
was It was obvious that the only thing that anti-fascists could do LEEDe Cucunstances was 1o scay arould Brick Lane and be on the alert for any arracks. Any notion of 'taking the offensive" was foolhardy.
And yet the stewards quite arbitrarily decided away from Urick Lane.
The result was an attempt to block Shoreditch Hiah Sireet This was broken up by Special Patrol Group wguads and there were 35 arrests.
The defence of these prisoneri should became TrIonly lor the ANE and all
Why BIU-LCCISLS. In a demoralised state the anti-fascists returned to Brick Lane. Here theredemounce the ANL load Pail competition as to who competition which Marileet, the local Socialist
Jed the Teuchers Agalast the
on 24
Workers P'arty organiser, entered his name.
The only speaker to delend the decision to continue with LATMILAES was asked to Silberman trom
Patrick Kodikara anti-fascista Tower Hamics and Hackney
Lane. Defence Committet denounced cof fascits, the state for not banning the NF
march ind the ANL for not conting to the East End As dusk averwhelmed the Tane, the anti-fascists gradually dispersed. When a group of 25 thugs inspired by propaganda allacked the BenBalis later HAIVEREL offensive' had already gone hinme Given the fact that it was mipoesible lo cancel or divert Carnival 2, tbe only tactic was to remain in the Brick Lane arca and be prepared to defend the community against to march
racist atracks.
What creased the demoralisation was the display "mindless militancy' and the stesards" failare to respond in a political fashion.
major
Evea il 2,000 anti-fascists had arrived fromn Carnival 2 in timic, bave beeo to maintain an alert rather than go ofl on a futile
could chase.
The other lesson Irom Brick Lane is the following: unless TC PADE COTEOLTY Is JLSCil ARTHUR SCARGILL speaking at lust Saturday's conferesice ol
Nazis, stbenwied
BENN at Hyde Park: hoping In win votes?
tinue.
Jonathan the inter-
our in their thousands. nioved fascist
the strong taking tlse
courts. serious
HIOLCILE ment of black people.
of
be orderly and peaceful.
the tactics should scall
SME TEO
though he
the anti racist (WARC) can discaver
After the arrests.
on the
Tour.
electoral
Carnival
railway
the meeting. forward.
ASLEF.
such CASCIS
mobilised, problems will con
vote.
The reason why the one-day strike aga nst racism was such a executive sucdess was precisely becanse the Bengalis theinselves were IT IS NOW just over six monchs since the police
into anti-racist Wolverhampton and hauled out four marchers who now face heavy sentences.
DAVE ASHCROFT reviews the defence campaign and the importance of defending arrested blacks and anti-racists before they receive the justice of the
On 1l March, Walverhamp ton's anti-racist commitlee held a demonstration against racise violenoe.
SMO DODCEBHTRSS
The organisers of the march announced befare it took place they defended that the demoestration would
Some ihree thousand people то астіте. supporled the march, and -apart from one incident — it was indeed orderly and peaceful. The one problem occurred when a lone racist tried lo make whe a kamikaze charge al the
Minutes later he was led away away by the police -
has never been charged as fur as members of
committer millee
But four demonstrators wer: alsp arrested and they now face charges which could well bring icavy fines or imprisoumen
WARC decided to launch a campaign Le bring mass pressure to bear CETCUE
Direcior of Public TANICUUDDS CEUSHIENIS COR he drop all charges against the
As the National Front':
strategy has been Taitering in the past months there has been a big increase ir racist violence in many parts of
The response of those who are supposedly responsible fo
Derailing
OY THE eve of the ANL
in London and
aromed the cornei Iromthe
Teachers Against the Nazis Bieeting on Saturday, nearly 60
workers alfended a
aallonal hall-day conterence of Rail Apainst the Nazis, writes
ALAN SOSKEN* who chaired
Anli-fascist sentiments on the rashwaes were mach in the
news recently, and RAN'S DHETENLE SRTVeunRI L11115
awäreziess wat wo inere Mash in
But it also revealed that there
are geniuine differences among anti-Nazis about the best way
A West London member of
the SOW-UTHELS union, moved that fascista be expelled from the trade unions
considered incompatible with union miemhership
But Bill Ronksley, nationa president of ASLEF, warned against expelling NF members. With the closed shop agreement
on British Rail and London Transport, he argued we would be making martyrs of the
This debate ooloured much ol lhe attetroon's discussion and the reption was finally
RAN's open stocring conunittee after a split
Tory Donaghy of the NUR
stressed thar cannor rely on lenders to crush the NF, but that the rank and file must taketheinitiative in the
The Wolverhampton
demonstration in Lime. step up arrests of blacks and Asians who resist the racist
In East London, tor example, the four Virk brotbers were consicted an court atter
themse ves apains: an alfack hy five raciss Jnscead of waiting for the police
.Althouph it was one of the Vick brothers, Sukyinder, wto telephoned the police, i was the Asians and nor their assailants
were artested: Jogin der Virk has been sentenced tc seven years jail.
In Manchester there is the
(the ,support Longight Anti-Faseist Com-
tasks.
Every time there is a successiul prosecution in ane of these cases, every Nazi is encouraged and the task of defending the black communities is made that much more
This issue should not be seen
SEIDLTE FLUUEELEI anti-racists. The Wolvechamp ton arrests are a chabenge to anyone who may want to Court.
The following have added their names to the list of sponsors:-
Jaobetanales Coaneilors Danna Tame:
[ struggle:
Billy Taylor, Engincerine
Union convenor at London
Transport's Acton Works,
noted the Irish dimension to
DOD DC E S-TOSECn AD0 L
police stale effects resulting
Prevention of Terorism Act
The sienificance olthe Ka
meering, which was large by
railway standards, was to bring
logether trade union leaders
and rank and file activist
across union lines in a common
endeavour to find a positive *4 shades ot lhe elonest to light abe Tasciscs
and revolurionary lett were in
atlendance, with Communist
Party supporters wcl-repre-
sented on the platform.
The meeting adopted the Rail
Against the Nazis steering
CUEITIEEH TCNE SR CHERR for thie setting up of local RAN
groups throughour the railway
network 10 monitor and
actions and
propaganda.
That Do carth-shattering
formulas for smashing fascin: emerged was preciccabic
But the need for clear and forthright action to defeat the tacists and fascists was amply demonstrated, with no ane in any doubl thal the struggle is BeRAS Pank and File
KAN, Centre, 265 Seven Sisters Road,
*ALAN SOSKIN is a member of the Transport Salaried Staffs Associanon.
trials
participite in any demonstration on any issue at any
Il Juse so happens that whien the arrests were made, Bills were coming up in Parliamient which included procedures for tighleniny police control over demos in the West Midlands and Greater Manchester areas
The WARC Defence Cam -paign has boen active ob a bember of fronts. A petition has aready, gained several 'thousand signatures which will be presented to the DPP
Sponsorship los the carn paisn has beeo obcained Irom prominen: figures, both locally ANE TANOTEI SHOECSC E LOME of supporr passed by numerous
Many thousands of leaflers. BOLUCT and pumphlets have been distributed to help these
Local pickets have heen organised alienever the case have come up for processing by the magistrates court. Wher the full trials come up in the Crown Court, later in the year, WARC will be calling for wide support fer national pickets, the importance of which was thown this month b acquittals at Stoke Crow
Bishan Dose 5 Duma Abr Garrar (NL Socinlist Challenge 28 September 1978 page 7
Page 8 scan of this page
INTERNATIONAL
Shell busted
with the
Tory
should be
months.
the truncated and restricted democracy.
The British Labour government's record ol danosition lo the Smith
regime is not very edifying. I reveals a sordid web of chicanery, intrigue and outright deception.
We now snow thai 3E talk ol effective sanctions was 3
fraud. Its perpetrators were the giant dil multinationals, the mandarins who run Wbitchall, and the major leaders of the Conservative and Lahour parties
The *Repor on the Supply Petroleum and Petroleum Products to Rhodesia" by T.H. Bingham, OC, and S.M. Gray. FCA, otherwise known as (EIE Bingham Report, is.
Jimitations, convincing on that spore.
But though the report. typewriten pages long with 87 pages of appendices) is extremely thorough in
what it sets out to prose, it'is weak on che inter-relationship between the BP/ Shell sanction-busting and the complicity of Whitehall and the Labour povertiment.
The report tends to lay the main blame on BP/Shell execurives in Africa. This may be convenient, hut it is somewhat absurd.
Are we realiy expected to believe that
regional executives, albeil with continental responsibilities, were capahle of
making such vital decisions without the
knowledge of licit hasses in London,
Socialist Chullenge 28 September 1978 page 8
Labour's Watergate
How BP and
the sanctions
knowledge and
connivance of
Labour and
Governments
and why all the
guilty parties
publicly tried.
A FEW months after the white settlers in Zimbabwe unilaterally declared independence, the British Labour government imposed sanctions in order to bring down Smith. Wilson stated categorically that Smith would be brought to his knees in 'weeks rather than
TARIO ALI disentangles the truth from the fiction and explains
character of British bourgeois
not to mention the British government?
T H Bingham, Q.C. did not, one ask whether there existed any reports from British intelligence on the question of toppling the Smith regime via economic sanctions. gigantic A lot was made of the fact thar Brilish warships Beira port (in Mozambique) supposedly to Enforce sanctions. indicate that all the country's intelof ligence servioes had some knowledge of WISE WAS RICO TALLE was clearly not allowed access to such
despite The report is basic face: BP/Shell were breaking (410 sanctions from the moment they were Imposed.
He explains that this was so because of the refusal of the South Africans to comply with 387912 pro-Rhodesian virtually: all white emplayed or ine companies allempts to restrict the flow of oil to the whate peded by these factors.
Despite using Innguage typical of DONS-OTICS reports, convinced that from 1969 onwards the Labour government was aware of what was going on. Before that year he tends to lay the blame for the cover-up almost
THE NATIONAL Labour Party:
party's month, involvement in apartheid Those of
that
ships with BP/Shell).
investigate methods supply directly were stationed outside
Shell/BP as well This would MALICIT ource of oil supply and mount
BUL SICIA it be curtailed.
AMNESIA crisp and clear on one
sanctions and by the
sympathy South Africans induced amnesia. following
the Labour government;
Bingham solution (Le. selling oil througt
Majesty's
executive of the
statement on South Africa in August 1976. The recommendations of the rights.
conference follawing a considerable way to reduce Britain's would - if implemented dopment ol
recommendations which would affect the operations of further investment. Shell and BP in South Africa are listed
1 British Comman create the conditions necessury for the proper fanctioning of PROHIBIT No Shell or BP employees in South Africa are trade union netbers.
THUSHES I DIS SUreD Suuth African security
Shell and BP hoth supply fuel to the Soutl African aried forces and police
entirely on the shoulders of Walker, the General Manager for Consolidated in South Africa ta holding company for
It was Walker who failed to inform his superiors in London. Therefore we
not think the Groups are to be criticised for failing during 1966 and
of Rhodesian
But surely if sanctions were seriously
quence. as the British to find out the CXBO
international campaign to demand that
Bingham's account of the period between 1966-68 is not very convincing.
EL mas well be that memories hav
rade do the let me bate
involved, memories rarcly fade. What They were we have here is clearly a case of self- Presoria
carefully warded and mild though it is, indicts We chould
Weare unsure whether the proposed
the French company or - Calwas full communicated in February 1968, ba daring the year following HMG |He
Government] was given
The Labour Party
and South Africa
"Ensore that the export of capital
suots i South Africa cease and hun
the transfer of pusents and licence
BP and BP are providing
sophisticated icchnology for the des
Africa's nil,
perrochemical and mining industries
*Ensure the repatriation of profits
cured in South Africa to present
Shell and BP are reinvesting all thei
profits lo hel finance their massive
expansion in South Africa.
*Prohibit all further investment bre
British companies in South Africa
Shell and BP bave announced plans
to invest [400m during the neat the
sufficient information to enable a fair judgement to he made. The contrary has not been suggested to us. The proposed solution was sccepted, It was therefore reasonable for the Groups
*The Total exchange arrungemen! PaY OR IN Hare Ene CITeCE 01 denying supplies of oil products to LILACAU HURRICE WISA this deficiency was accepted by HMG had, we think, an important conse
It indaced among some of those most directly concerned a belief that system, complinner wilh Sanelions Orders wa do be regarded as a matter of forin rather than substance, that it was the letter which mattered, not the spirit...
And there we have it in a nutshell. There is, however, one small question that arises. Why has it taken 12 years for all this to berevealed?
The facts were known by Zambian Intelligence (not well-known for either its efficiency or possession of the latest technological devices) ten years apo
known in Salisbury and They were statod Tanzania's President Nyerere and me with angry British denials
certainly congratulate ITV's World in Action and the Sunday Times for exposing the scandal a lew wocks before a report commissioned by the Foreign Office (isell a result of
he published. But the fact remains that Stares. they are a decade too late. Pure
VORSTER
*Investigate pussibility of their investments from South Africu HAITIES SOUTHWINE
has nearly E150m invested in South Alrica
ONLY LILTEE CELDE the shares of BP are owned by the British Government
"Work UN LOUIES
on all trade with apartheid South Africa.
Shell and BP supply nearly €300m wortl of oil products of South Africa every year.
*Ensure that all British companie operating in Nambia. withdraw from
Shell and BP coltinue to marke perroleum products in Namibis
*There should he an intrasification of sancrions against the illegal regime [in Zimbabwe).
The Bingham Report has revealed Just how seriously Labour leaders and SheD/BP viewed this recommendation
poincidence! We think not,
Soon alter the Watergare scanda rockedthe American political system (i is worth recalling inesdentally. that
The Times defended Nixon BU the last possible moment) a complacent and smug Harold Wilson was interviewed on television.
MANIPULATED
it could never nappen here, he explined, Britain had a parliamentary
The Prime ThiSTer accountable to the House of Com mons, unlike the American President, who was a power unto himself.
Mas is ol coorse Locialie aurrocl But the operations of British bourgeois
in fact, choroughly manipulated
Even the supposedly sacred 'Ques tion Time" in the House of Comnions involves the questions being vetted by a committee. 'Sensitive' questions left-wing Labour MPs are disallowe
and th sanction-busting scundal is a dramatic confirmation House Commons is a moch-esten assembly
investigate matters throught independent compillees nob-existent. It has no equivalent of the Soccial Committee, eishssed by thi representative assemblies in the Loited
The disillusionment with the war in
Page 9 scan of this page
Imperialist Aims in Zimbabwe
THE two main imperialist powers in
southern Africa, Britain and the US
like to pose as beign, disinteresied
brokers between the twn intransigent
camps of white racism and black
nationalism. This should be seen for the
mystification it is.
The AFRICA IN STRUGGLE
GROUP looks al the international
forces at würk in Zimbabwe.
Imperialist strategy for Zimbabwe
and southern Africa has not changed -
DIT TaCSuEs.
The long term aims remains
orderly transition to pro-Western black
regimes which would keep the region
ITELT within the world capitalist
Diplomatic and constitutional ef-
forts are now seen as the correct tactic.
This soft' offensive, coupled with
empty thetoric abour human rights,
does not rule out military intervention
to reinforce the aims of the talk shops,
The events in Zaire in May ilustrate
this point. When there was diplomațic
optiob and no alternative to the existine
neo-colomial regime of Mobulu, the US
sent air transport and other logistical support to ferry French and Belgian
Vietnam was aided partially by the
public and televised hearings conducted
by Senator Fulbright on behalf of the
Foreign Relations Commitice
Watergate issue itself exploded after a
Senate Committee (again publicly)
interropated the culprits.
Such an examination is virtually
unthinkable in Britain. In reality the
modes of functioning of the govern-
ment and the decision-making process
ate engulfed in secrecy. That is why
CabInet Minister's dreams are the
dream of every publisher.
Thus there is an clement of truth in
Wilson's observation
above. The reason why a Watergare is ECTEEN unlikely is because of the closed nature of British bourgeois democracy.
There is a conspiracy of silence which invoies the civil service, the povernment, the judiciary and the media. The British press is notorious throughout the capitalist world for its servility and timidity.
EXPERTISE
It has neither the equivalent of a Washington Post, nor a Le Monde or a Frankfurter SUTESCERN A5 Aflunbladet (the newspaper of the Suedihonsia de worray be anthihy
unions) it would unthinkable. It might actually interest social-democratic workers in politics.
It is these specific features of British society which help to explain how the cover-up on sanctions could have taken place over a period of 12 fears, constitutes a unique tribute to the skilis and expertise of the British ruling class, perfected by years of experiénce.
Kerolutionary socialists have always argucd- that bourgeois democracy conld be nothing but limited, as its central purpose is to peeserve the rule of capitalists over the working class. That remains our position.
However, all social-democrats, and not a lew liberal-democrats, should be asking themselves more chan a few questions at the present time.
They all claim io be ardent defenders of democratic rights. In fact they claim that democratic rights can only be defended bourgeois democracy
At the very least, then, they should subjcet the functioning of the system in this society to a fundamental critique. They democracy, for a wiiae pistie mone should agitale
Cor makine le meds accessible la political, racial or cutural minorities
There are some things they could leara from Sweden and other countries in the field of democratic richts.
The other question which is raisod is that ol lbe Labour government. Labour has oow been in power almost continuously since 1964, with the brief exception of 1970-74 whien Heath was Prime Minister. There & mo way in which its role can be whitewashed.
In a pungent survey of Labour's record on this question, Bruce Puge in the of the New Statesman challenged (correctly in nur view) the attempt of the Labour establishment to. load all the blame on the drooping
paratroops and military equipment to stamp out the threat to imperialist interests.
British Foreign Secretary David Owen has revealed that contingeney plans for a British military intervention in Zimbabwe have long existed and have recently been updated in light of the Zaire experience and the growing military crisis.
We are also informed, without any explanation, that British paratroopers are to spend Christmas in South Africa.
Owen uses the well-worn rhetoric of umanitarian concern for the people of Zimbabwe, black and white.
But where was Owen's (or Carter's) concert when the Rhodesian forces
400 Mozambique in November 1977 ar when South African troops killed 600 Namibian civilians in Kassinga in PAgOdE NEAY?
Contingency Owen and US Secrelary of Stare Vance continue to push the Anglo-American settlement proposals as imperialism's optimum tactical option.
shoulders of Harold Wilson,
It is true that Wilson is increasingly beticin He The remembered as the most discredited post-war Prime Minister. for lt
Wilson's attempi to deny knowiedee of what was going on after February 1968 is simuply pathetic. If it were true it sbould leave even the staunchest antMiarkbt t0 apalaDi concueons reparduig. the nature of LILIANAL -uitan bs Lori Thomson, sgly rebutted by admits that the Cabinet was conscious of what was going on and that its decision to accept what was taking place was conditioned by the forood devaluation and the economic situation of Britain.
DECISIONS
Bruce Page stated last week that all decisions on Rhodesia were diverted to Cabinet committecs
KnOWH code-name RX.
Their existence was first revealed in the Crossman Diaries. composition was designed to exclude munisicrs wlic were for sanctions, such as Barbara Castle and Judith Hart,
Arthur Bottomley had also been
the better. co-opt both WInPY
removed
and continue PF leadership turned
leadership and black Zimbabwean of ZANU
Chimoio raid on
emerged as clear favourite military plans apart,
together with Angola, If the leaders of ihe nationalist. | the doyen of imperialism in the sub-
renoved in summer 1966 from the Commonwealth Office and replaced by • seedy and shallow Herbert Bowden.
probably extremely hostile lo Smith; as for DURULT -ne wasJocal According to Crossman,
WATER
GATE
we'll have to think of something
explaied the matter thus: "Bert had to be selocted Queen she had said how delighted she was that that kind of non-political man was in the job' (New Statesman, 15 British September).
That opens up ye
Thomson, Queee Moliey whie knowt paria thor HUIR LAC SHHAV OSCILaNEu
Tan Smith.
Africans is well known This, is .DOt an influence of the royal family on Labou COITCL ministers should underestimatedSLUMENN where they decided to ahandon any real attempt to
the the artemipts to make him the chict scapegoat. His Matement, which was CHICINNE and their Callaghan had been involved at every пожеуст, effective Matetaily Collaghan, as Chancellor of thie Exchequer, had said at a Cabinet meeting that Britain "couldn't afford
morcinis can be peaceanty bronent into a nco-colonial seltlement, so much
For them the best solution is to
Ol the Patriotic Vorster's Front, ZANU and ZAPU, since then African premie the central threat of the guerilla war is
Those rank and file guerillas and militants who opt out of chis sell-out
aberation would face the full wath ors
•SLAL imperialist interests, neo-colonial govertment, hacked by Western arms.
threats. its following. would depend on the resolvr and ZAPU militants te Angola continue the struggle and on whether President Machel of Mozambique were lo maintain his support for the struggle.
Joshua Nkome of ZAPU has now
WILl an LaOS. international backing that includes the US and Britain, the USSR and Cuba
Presadent Neto Zambia's President Kaunda and the Nigerian goverument, and even
Bottomicy was
Wilson
better than HE did, Jim!
and when he had told the
ashamed of our record. anatber dimen- To intrue.
HOSE КПРИ PARLISSn D particular gem.
Her aversion to black irelevance. The left social-democrars. nol be especally had already
Harold Wilson is perfectly aware of makiue.
characteristically evasive. GUILTY sure of one fact:
W henever anvooe
Suilty on every count.
continent, Tiny Kowland of Lonrho.
This coterie of backers and bis burgeoning army gave Niomo a clear lead in the neo-colonial race.
resignation BA DOLEE and changes nothing.
Soulh Africa fees concern for if
considerable economic interests in кловна, штемелсо ру достна war. by a potential hestile
Sod by us ard Bolish tiva
Douhtless the new Prime Minister will inherit from Vorster military and olier contingencies to counter "suc"
The from line states - Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana, Tanzania and
- Play a crucial cole in imperialist strategy and in influencing the course of the liberation strugute
Zambia and Mozambique especially. as hosts for military bases and refupee
CCICEEs an Owen-Vance plan io pressurise the Bccaa uuo pompeouising anti-imperialist aims of the strugale.
Kauda nas many limes SNOYH himself willing to act against the strugele by repatriating, imprisoning or
sanctions" His removal from the
Exchequer to the Foreign Office is unlikely to have changed his mind.
And yet, despite this fact, Callaphan
pretended to he hurt when President
Kaunda of Zambia questioned British
law?
OIL GATE
sincerity is applying sanctions.
Only a year ago Bricaio's man at the United Nations, Ivor Ricbard, stated: "The Uk has tried honestly and hard to enforce sanctions, and we are nod Ne have 410 pagi mildiy, this was of the Hanghamı Report as a riposte to that
British Labour in office serves the needs and interests of British capital. This statement always annoys
We are told that it is typical of Troeskyists to caricature their oppoDents, Weare supposed to be simplistic. crude beyond belief. We are alleged to live in a dream-world of pur own
BRKCS ENeSC fight remarka again we shall reply with one word: sanction-busting. For Labour is
Will the British sate now implement
even killing scores of ZAPU militants for challenging the direction of th: strupelc.
He has on several occasions arranged
participated in negotiations berween Niomo, Smitl and Vorster
Machel too has acted with the ZANU leadership in deraining scores of ZANU
"opportulisms", 'ultra leftism being reactionary agents of imperialism'
Like Zamhia, Mozambique is feeling InC pnea pE Word Te55o0 Ba especially the South African strangleBOUHESCLUBORS
The fact that lewer Morambicun WUSLSCICCUEI SOULTCLU TH slave labour in the mines is because South Africa doesn't nood so many at Hie moment, not hecause Machel has a stralegy of disengagement.
Machel and Kaunda upently want Lhe restabilisation of Zimbabwe, even as a neo colony. This is the imperialst stralegist:" trump card.
sopnatures of Kaunda and Machel on a nco-colonial solution for Zimbabwe would be a serious set-back for the strugele.
is own laes? Will the Attornew Cicneral prosocute Shell/BP execulives? Will the House of Commons impeach Wilson, Heath, Callaghan, and Healey? Will the cieil servants involved io this cover-up (including the one who nas since Cocotie executive) be charged with breaking the
CYNICAL
At the cost of being charged with being cynical, we must confess tha: we doubr it. A few scapegonts will be sacrificed, . Some of' them are atready dead politically. But nothing more wil ha for we live in Batan, and Briush politicians, judges, leader-writers, civil seryants, and capitalists are loyal co Their own.
Will there be a boc and cry at the Laboor Party conference? Will Tony Bena unleash a Terocious atrack on Wilson/Callaghan? Will the sad ligure of Michael Foot rise ahove his own opportunism?
ATTITUDE
Will Terry Duffy and Moss Evacs defend the CEDESLE.. MENSHES CITE students of Zimbabwe whe have fillen In scruBele agalnst Smilh 30u the white settler repime? Once again we doubt it.
the issue or sancuion-busting Zimbabwe cannor be seen as isolared from che attitode of Batish Labour towards Southern Africa as a whole.
British policy has sought to present the Soutli Alrican raciss as realiste" who were trying to restrain Smith. Thes were. Bue ouly because they feared that a defeal for the whites as a result of a protracted guert la struggle might have even more of an impact ut South Africa itself than the Liberation ol Mozam bique and Angola.
The United Nations has called for an ecomomic boycorr of South Africa Britain has opposed such a boycott for obvious reasons. British capitalism is hewvily invchived in the expioiatioo o the South African blacks, It is in a literal sense, dripping with blood from hand to foot'.
It is a measure of the chauvintism and insularity of the British labour movement, aod of the wcakness of the far left, that no effective campaign has been mounted on Southern Africa.
OPPORTUNITY
Unlese this changes in the coming years we will not he able ro protfer too many excuses 1o those who fought io Zimbabwe or contronted theu oppir exsors in Soweto.
Both bistory and tinse are on their side, We neust ensure that they do bot
alone The sanction-husting operations of British Labour offer & real apportonity to develop a broad campaign on these and related GUES HDNS.
Socialist Challenge 28 Septerber 1978 page 9
Page 10 scan of this page
Monopoly played with
SRI LANKA THE Joint Trade Union Action Committee. consisting virtually all the major trade unions in Sti Lanka, has called * one day general strike for today, 28 September. This is to protest against the rising cost of
iving and the anti-trade union and repressive policies of the povertical:
The UNP government of JR Jayawardene has threatened to
corporation employees
delegate conference of over WE workers who me On D September voted unanimously
GREECE THE Karamanlis government nas- introduced a Bil parliament which would chable the police to harass. imprison gay men at will.
Gay men can be locked up
*loitering with aim
nicking up other men or for activities lewd and agains nature. Police acting privately received wrilten information can force gay men lo undergo three weeks 'medical treatment and therate Bill was first drafted when the Colonels were still in
therapy they had in mind.
ine new v-ormed hiccua tional Gays Alliance (IGA) has organised simultaneous pickets of Greek embassies throughout Europe. Be there at 12 noon on Saturday 30 September: Greek Embassy, la Holland Walk (Notting Hill tube).
BRAZIL NAHUEL Moreno and Rita Strasherg. Argentinian revolutionaries, were released on 19 September from Brazilian prison. They been taken HO CUstody month ago while attending a meeting the • Socialist Convergence group
There was a real danger that they could have been deported
certain death. But after international C3108 enon their behalf tbey have now been allowed to go to Colombia
CHINA CHINA's foreign hardly be said to be ta
full of surprises. Apart trom Somoza, the Chinese are backing
communist dictatorship in the world.
China's policies in Middle East HOW developing friendly links with the гевстовагу states. Ir is still wooing Saudi Arabia, Wahabi fundamentalists remain suspiSCious.
At the same time China is in
support of the Shah of Iran's attempts to organise a Gulf security pact. Designed to repel "aggression" (presumably from the USSR) the pact, reality, is designed to crush social revolutions in the area.
A mectine between Hus and King Khalid of Saudi Arabia is currently being arrangod.
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Socialist Challenge 28 Septerber 1978 page 10
INTERNATIONAL
of whD. and
CHRISTOPHER ROPER. After more than 40 yars in power, the Somoza family no longer adequately safeguards
region. Far from providing the "stability, which forcign investors require, Somoza is now of perceived as a major cause of
instability, The first question to ask is why the Somozas dynastic rule began to crumble in the mid706, after so many untroubled tyranny. De has very little to do WE CHEATY efforts of the Sandinistas, even though the FSLN is providing a powerful pole of attraction for the forces of the opposition.
EARTHQUAKE
over the past ter years has also probably had the effect of galvanning previously supine parties into taking a harder line apainst Somoza. had But none of this would have
affected Somoza seriously if It had not been for CATCHERS WORSE BOSE CA the capital city of Managua. This shan effects. In the
an Nicaragua's peny bourgeoisie
and commercial elite, who had lived in relative comfort under the Somozas. undrcamed of possibilities for Secondly. opened looting and corruption to the can National Guard. Businessmen
warched aghast as ail the relief funds were channelled directly into the pockets of the Guard.
COMMERCE The flourishing black market the in food and blankets began te
Brake over the commerce of the country. with Arab selling in greater volume than
legally imported goods.
Somoza and his
began, slowly Managua on the basis of thei holdings of real estate. Their contracting companies built highways to their new housing estates and shopping centres, It was just like Monopoly -plaved with real money.
can find the origins of 'businessmen's strike'. caught the intagination and EL SAIN ADOR
RiST
THE line-ap
real money
WHEN the Wall Street Journal" came out against General Somoza a fortnight ago, it became clear that the Nicaraguan dictator had more to worry about than the gallant but poorly armed militants of the Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional (FSIN), writes
sympathy of the Wall Stree Journal.
The National Guard also United States interests in the found new sources of profit in
the wat against the
Peasants suspected of "sympathising" with the guerrillas were driven off their land, which was Then aggregated into valisable estates.
ROADS ycars of Roads had to be built, with United Stares aid, into the rural mitary vehicles The Sonarad military vehicles. were hated more than ever.
General Anastasic Sonora, the present head of the lamily is not a stupid man. He is wel educared and modern cconomic theon the officials of the world Han the or the United Nations apposition He was making every effort to modernise the rather old family which got is start when the United States marines left his the 1971 father in power in 1934 Somoza has diversified the fumily'sinvestments, especially muitinational tions. He is rumoured. be Nestle, the Swiss haby fost manufacturer, He has purchased control of Visión, a Latin American news magazine. Many
Nicaragua are held through
Unlike Truillo Dominican Republic or Duvalier in Haiti. dictatorship is not famhoyant.
The family maintained occasionally even handing over the presidency to a tamil contraband tetainer.
But since the carthquake, he las been unable to control the cronies rapacity of the National Guard rebuild and of nembers of the growing Somoza clan. Furthermore, the earthquake national attentioo on Nica10 in
CARTER With the arrival of Carter in the White House. which prospects cook a furtber turn for the worse It is always casier
NICARAGUA:
THE DIPLOMATIC LINE-UP INDERAS Central America last week Sandinistas battled with the National Guard for control of the cities
Nicaragua under the Somozas
rural tbe FSLN. access of
CEL discuss with
TEALS for the largest
of the TITTERS
in the
Somoza's
has always
profile,
and Carter
the human rights front.
The Somoza
focussed inter-
that Somoza's numbered
suitable Somoza's became more difficult. The
vicaragua-
remained ANTI-BOMOZA STHIEE PRO-SOMEZA ETATES
CRISIS
crisis.
quite successfully,
VENEZUELA communisin.
the physically overthrown.
SANDINISTA guerillus belind makeshift harricude for the United States to thron
America than in the Sourbern struggle Cone (Clile, Argentina etc.),
was obviously poking for some successes on
dictatorship had become publicly indefens
communism. The word began to go out from the White House
days were overthrown.
Few wears were shed, but when it came down to finding a be
things
obvious replacement depend was Pedro Chamorro, whose family is as deeply entrenched
Somoza's Chamorro ran the opposition newspaper and in normal time likely to be
jus within greatest worry. permitted lines of criticism.
But Somoza had Chamorro assassinaled Tast Fehruary, and his precipitated the preseni still a
the same Lime, Somoza's public relations men in Washington were busily, and
persuading the White House that the only nitentalise to somoza wa-
At this point the businessmen began to make cominion cause with the Sandinistas, realising tha: Somoza would have to be Canal.
The
national chamber of commerce has boon in the forefront of the
There have been bizarre episodes such as the arrest of the manager of the local Coca Cola bottling plant as a leader
STRUGGLE
The decisive strugale will be
will
takes, the barder it is likely to
the Chamber Commerce and its allies 10 restore "the system. Muct will
on the leadership provided by the Sandinistas.
Bur once Somoza does fall, it it unlikely the upheaval can be confined to Nicaragua. This is
Washingion':
The Imporlance of Centra America for British socialists can be summarised as tollows: •Popular struggles in Central America are closely linked to those a the Caribbesi. Belize
Beitish colony, Dualisa a former Brilish dependency, the
ated into Nicaragua at the
* The region is of strategic importance lo United Stales hegemony in the Americas Nicaragua is the best alterna tive location for an interoceanic
Cemral America and the
Caribbean countries are natticulty industrialised. bun they do provide off shore plarTOTEL Ior Narth Amencar capita.
These countries" role as tax havens for banks is well known. They also have a less publicised role as hoars to certain capital intensive and often pollaring industries * Although the United States
probally never permit another Cuba" in any simple sense, there is no doubt that the example of Cuba is exercising an increasingly powerful in fluence in thie region
Ir it no accident that Cuba's closest allics in the whole Western Hemisphere are nearby Jamaica and Panama MODEL
There are trends which suggest that the region as a whole could hegin to move in Cuba's wake, model of development which provides at least some escape From the all-too-evident berdevelopment in the United - There is growing evidence that Mexioo has perhaps the Largest oil reserves in the America. comparable ta thos of Saudi Arabia. Mexico's ail fields stretch down into Central America
The United States already regards this pil as part of its manifest destiny.
Page 11 scan of this page
Not as sick as the state he ruled
'T Vorster, writes RICHARD
sent troops into Angola, the Justice
after Sharpeville in the carly 1960s.
It will also remember him as the Nazi, a senior officer in a South WATERETT movement who said: We stand
ENTEENE Nationalm which is an ally of National Socialim. You can call anti-democratic principle diciatorshin it sou wish. In Ilaly it is called Fascism, in Germany an unvert for mercenuries in the Rhodesian army.
INTERNATIONAL
Vorster resigns through illness
THE WORLD will retain a brutal memory of John
CARVER. lt remember him as the butcher of Sowelo, the man who
responsible for the round up of African nationalists
National Socialism, South Africa Christian Nat-
All these impressions are accurate, but if we remember him as a blood-crazed maniac THIS will miss the and contradictions that have emerged under Vorster's rule.
WATCH IS TOWELL
Mommy, can I go to Rhodesia?
THE young gent who is so keen on belping the white racists is reling an issue of Soldier of Fortune magazine. The back page is
But it isn'1 just the lumatic fringe who encourage the racists and 'Soldiers of forlune'. The Wild Geese, a füm which glorifies the role of while mercenuries in Africa, will probably be showing at
lively a one party state. Since
will the black population is already
excluded from the franchise, This may not scem particularly Minister
SHE US CALL
But contradictions within white and in South Alnica are increasingly
expressed inside the ruling Nationalist Party. party leader has played a vital THIC various factions. changes
• First, he has managed to cut down the political influence of English-speaking politic-
The SOF Bug Bites Early!
picket of the film.
the firms because
UNDERMINED
apanheid" sport.
apartheid. presided dence af the
crowning glory of development"
principles
course, relative).
Even when
success
plicaomenal
State of
RIVAL
larger
econciony.
by the almost I CAN? your loeat cinema over the nest couple of weeks. Contuct your local anti-racist committee or Anti Nazi League
Ruciun und Fuscism, who last Saturday organised a 70-strong
ians and their multinational backers. Many multinationals ate opposed to aspects apartheid for economic rea- POHA
For example, the migrant labour systein is costly to many
Fi makes it WaST impossible to cultivate a stable the semi-skilled black labour force.
smarter
Vorster has undermined the imperiabst demagazic humanist rhetorie which such people used to cover heart.
motives by lising certain aspots of pelly
This has made the Afrikaner purists squcal, but Vorster has stuck to the basic principles of
It was he who over the "indepen'Bantssrans" which were supposed to he the
separate
The fact that he has never wavered from the essential enabled Vorster lo straddle the CODHaHON осмоси постн and conservative clements it
produced his own party the terms are, of
La group ol hardliners broke away Vorster isolated them by some tough talking Afrikaner clectioneer- Africa ing which kept the witra-racist vote for the Nationalists.
Vorster's holding white was the boom in the
1960s, Between 1960 and 190D
seven ner cent.
More spocifically Vorster presided over the emergence of
and Telvenated Afrikaner capital to rival the have already been murdered in Englich domination of the
"democratic'
This has been accompanied
total disap pearance of the Nationalist Party's white rivals and the defection of English-speaking
royed het: exclusive party of Afrikaner-
when
Just as there wastension with the multinationas over do. the mestic policy, so also Vorster Ossendort.
She
which dragger months, advance she was
compele- loss
ACTIVE
and her active, Shuttles do what it
But the
faced differences with the imperialist powers over forciga
Vorster soon came round to sonte of the neo-colonial plans of Britaie and the US bur this
because he Thal responsive to world opinion'
political obituarists would have us believe than the fact that Vorster was just a lot
than many colleagues. He realised that th
powers had the Interests of white capitalim st
The
Just as imporrantly the new
looking for market.
place bur that required a greater senspirus to nage since neigh hours than there had been
UNEASILY
But the coonomic breakIroud into me Aircan hinterland never came and the Vorster regime found irseif caught uneasily between poli-
The 1973 Middle Fast war
La new political situation. While an Alro-Arab blac hardened in opposition to South Africa there developod an asis between countries like Isracl. Lan, Hrazil and South
- countries armed by the Us as policensen for their respcctive resions,
His final years were not remerahered.
OPEN FORUM
Free Astrid Proll
THE FRIENDS OF ASTRID PROLL ure in feur of her life. knowing that eight political onsoners in west Gerinam
years by th West German state and that the British stute will he complicit in carrying onl their demands for extradition
She faces a return lo the conditions thai nearly dest-
She was arrested in May 1971
she underwent months sensory deprivation in
"Silent Wing' in Koein-
was transferred Frankfurt/Preungesheim in September 1973 for her trial.
on for four until an medical found unahle sible - to standariat and sne was purbe hail for reconsalescence with daily reporting to the police. In
was solitary
These conditions creatin Asid Proll
and in Astrid complete breakdown of hes circulatory system, which led to her hospitalisation.
WHID
Despite her problems here in overcoming her ardeal, and the necessity of hiding her identics
constant Tear of faces, discovery, she has always beca
deeply involved with over sex discrimication whic a fitter's mate al Lesney's toy factor will and strongly commitled to her work as an instrucior ar the car-mechanics workshop for young unemployed.
The press has attempted to
esually does women, which is to trivialse Act and delve into personal derails rather than discuss the real imulications of her acrest.
commitment and FAP. support from her workmates who have all, including the
happy ones for Vorster. A nice underly transition colonies was one thing: the ting of iberation movements tightcong their prip on southern Africa in the carly 1970s was quite anorher
And 50 the ivasion af Angola was undertaken largely against Vorster's better jadgement.
SHATTERED
The resalt was traumatic
white dream of South Alrican invincihility was shattered: South African blacks
hars to watch black soldiers giving the Afrikaner a pasting.
The appalling conditions and issues which fuelled the Sovere uprising are well known - hut
was ango wa set the townships aligh
The impact of these two disasters for the apartlieid regime is still felt and had significant part in Vorster's resignation.
The reason South Africa will not give an inchover Nambia is. because of the black encicle. ment af the racist state. And Vorster's laxt months have seen the removal of most of the few democratic rights remaining to blacks.
If he had planned to go down in bistory as a man of peace and reason be has tailed. It 15 as a crypto-Nazi that he wil be manage made public sace
saying she should be trood, have made public some of the reality of Astrid Proll.
This is the was that she relares to people, her warmth, supportiveness and directes have won widespread friendship. She is well-known within the winen' movement and ISS SUL US WOOLIALE mechanics course
She also looked after ber friends" children, to free them for their own activities and has close relationships with these children, POSITIVE
This is typical of her postliveness encouraging people to do thines they previously hadn't thought pos
- her great strengthri that she can bring out such positiveness in other people
Meinhof described her own sudden return to the isolation cell like this
The shock is as if a sheet of iron crashed down onto one's head. constant roaring in the ears. the Teeins That one is moving in slow motien understanding impossible between prisoners and people
SMOV what isolation from noise: obviously when one is there one would rather be dead.
This is what Astrid now
The Friends of Astrid Proll are fighting for her life here. The campaign has lo be on lega and humanitarian ground? to
La broad support posstbie. confronting the violence of the repressive state in Germany and Britain's complicity with through its STUTTER WIL the Prevention of Terrorism
Astrid needs support in the form at lenters to the press donations, publicity. Write 1o
Clerkenwell Close Landon ECt and organise meetinusin sour dan iren.
Socialist Challenge 28 September 1978 page 11
Page 12 scan of this page
Life in H Block
IRELAND
Long Kesh.
prisoners.
the same prisoner, written on 25 August. It's early morn, The screws just took out my mattress and blankets for the beginning of another three days c.c. (cell
This means three without bed, blankets, associ ation with other people, no shop, papers, TV, radio or the wearing of leisure clothing.
This is a real farce since I've been on over 14 months. The first man on ine banset corers mis as ycar mark next month.
SETTE fact comrades and have поваше нан торие, споср-а blanket which keeps us from being completely naked.
I know voices of men yer l've
Wedon't HCTEESCENWIEI LOUS know what it feels like to get exercise outside these pits we now exist in, or ieel the sun or wind on our faces.
Why this deprivation and extreme inhumanity? Becaus: the GOVERCHI decided to criminalise a strug gle which has been waged for over live hundred years
- the localisation and criainalisation of the Republican Movement now Brirain's last ascerupt 10
socialist republican surugglein Ireland.
The SCARE UP 01 001 prison struggle live months ago was an attempt to let the people
Socialist Challenge 28 September 1978
Prisoner's dramatic account
THE LABOUR Government does its best to hush up what is happening to the Irish prisoners in H Block,
This is understandable. All the talk from Callaghan and Owen about human rights" is so much cant in the light of the horrific treatment inflicted on these
> Two months ago, in our issue of 6 July, we printed a letter from inside H Block which had been sent on to us by a supporter. Here we publish a further letter from
know actually what happening lo us here in the H Blocks and demand political status.
Since then our deprivation days has gone beyond all imagination. The one letter per month which was permitted now never
One 1E1% had
reaches us or, if it does.
The only other thing we had were toothbrushes and sometunes toothpaste. took those last week, or the wcek before.
Keeping check on time is difficult for men nothing but
if it is dark or bright, morning COTT ME 1am a lucky man in that I was have accumulated some sheets
of toilet paper on which to write our and this makeshift pen held in
one piece with pieces of the blanket. believe me.
GRoT
its
walls
Well they covered
grey, all dark and grimy maggots, breeds and colours. the light which small, noisy blue
around like lightning.
Many longer.
These are luxuries, only they cat the remains.
find about twenty too revolted and tried to sleep again. NUMB
endurance.
loud that
rather I'm numbtoit.
Then the
stiff.
The stench of
Seat the slop they call food. They
La relative
because you won't THE FIRST October marks the latest Resolution, O'CALLAGHAN. built.
Ten years later,
H Blocksand elsewhere,
movement another
October
batons,
with panic. described as a pit. The celling,
and door are and advert talk brote
black, brown, had left
There is an army of insects,
SHARED flies of differen Big and We've quiet jumpy ones which bounce HES LE dreams, so many I just don't kill them
history
To behonest, and this sbould sound funny, and it would be it it wasn't true, If you kil one there are bundreds at the wake,
Tawokethe other morning to
For more stood maggots on my blanket. I was
For shocked panic, 1 merely shook them off
I believe my (when I keep of - my referring to myself, L really mean everybody because 1 ams one man and there are over 300 of us I believe) senses are strained beyond their normal
When the noise here gets so
CIE irritates against aggravales 1 switch off, or
opposite. The silence can be even Jouder, if you can understand, and racks
leaving one aggressive or scared
urine, excre unwashed bodies and waste food leaves one breathless at times. Other times just sick and thea sou are unaile to
are really crushais to conform. I've hear the Governor and screws come and tell my faceless friends tha:
- father, brother or someone else — has died and again later board them return lo say that the request for parole toallend the funeral was denied
contars.
I saw the bodies of two oiler friends (chrough a crack in the side of my door lying on the ground surrounded by to less
For eight screws all kicking and beating them with
home, 70ct
weekend tenth anniversary of the birth of the
phase of the Irish AILEAN National workers.
On 5 October 1968 the Royal Ulter Conscabulary viciously attacked a small civil rights march in Derry. Their actions, seen on TV screens the world over, laid hare the essential repressive nature of the six County state. Virtualiy overnight a mass movemeor was
building solidarity with the Irish peo ple's fight is a more urgent task thaa ever, specially given the strueele for POW status in the
Ir is to take the solidarity the
step for ward that the United Troops ment Out Movement has called a demonscration in Barnsley on 7.
Barnsley is the constituency of Roy Mason, the Mister for his trial which exposed the
1 heard my friends scream
It came as no surprise when 1 heard one spent a period in hospital.
And strange as it may seem, along with the great fear 1 felt future inside. 1 also died a thousand times hecause 1 was unable to share their burden
Understand, these are Friends Pre met only here and in strife. Who I've spoken with through the hollow pipes which run through every cell at the
UDR.
the shared visions, sadness and joy: taught cach other our native tongue long since stolen and conditioned out of our fer
DOORS DY BEL enemy who once again tries to crush us. So when they hurt one, they hurt all
1 recall the night E was awakened by the force of a
naked my cell Blankets and mattress all ankle deep in water. There is nothing eise to wer. We have no beds, tables, lockers or such things.
I stood far some time listening lo the shocked anguish
comrades they received the same treatment. J just started laughing, is was either that or cry my cyes out.
Then I started singing, not as every a sign of bravado, 1 think the singing was my nerves and my bund screaming for
the madness and brutality of the system.
This prison is jost part of the
socialist
REVIEW
in the Ocrober issua Eamonn McCann on the Ten Years of Strugele Northern beland British Leyland can t survive? CP/SWP stewards debate Iran background.
Terror stri WHY NOT SUBSCAME? from SWD, PO Box B2, Landon, E2.
Bring Mason's war
in | Northern Ireland. The march wil assemble at Rock Street (off Sackvill: Street) at 12.30 and will pass the Yorkshire Region beadquarters of the
Union of Mine-
The importance of this is that the NUM continues to sponsor Roy Mason as an MP. One of the slogans that Socialist Unity and biber supporters UTOM will saise is for the union to break its links with the man who presides over Brita store gone in are and.
DEMANDS
In doine so they will be choing demands already raised by trade union branches in the Six Counties in the wake of
controversy surrounding Willie Gallagher's imprison-
Willie, it will be renembered, was the subject of a recent TV play, The Legion Hall Bombing', a transcript of
whole combine geared to kill. crush and maim. The system we Fight in here wants one thing. our total subservience; in short asy comrades and 1 to deny our
LUE
They will never beat us and again that's not bravado. 1 state
We politica prisoners captured while fighting against British imperialism.
On our streets there is occupying army supported by their lackeys, the RUC, SB,
coucts (special), laws speciah, all geared for a special setuation.
We bere in the H Blocks are
end results. Political prisoners. The fucks speak for themselves. While you read this our struggle continues.
Show this to someone. Ask them to tell their neighhours what is happening here. What is any done to us Tell the people in your country their covernment does 15 in ei name.
CONDONES
Their silence supports it condones it. Ask them to speak out, protest, write about it, do something on our behalf.
I just don't have enough room or paper to tell you hall the things that happen here. I jost quickly read over what I've written. I don't believe those things myself yet they napper
day and will continue comrades out of the other wing oh beaten up and taxen to thi punishment cells. one with a badly cut esc, both bruised.
The struggle continues Steve Goech on theatre, mockery of the "norjury Diplock Courts
father, Brendan Gailagher, is expected to speak at the Barnsley demenstration in support not only of his so0 Mason's prison canap system
An impressive turn out in Barnsley could give a big impets for an ongoing cambpaign in the NUM and the rest to dissociate the mass organifrom Mason's War.
Whether or not such campaen could achieve big successes in the short term, it would at least begin to group some industrial militants on the side of the Trish people. As a first step to building a mass troops out current in the unions this would already be a major achievement
And there couldn't be a more fitting tribule to the decade of anti-imperia ist strugele waged I by the Irish people.
Page 13 scan of this page
WORDS LIKE "silicon "microcircuit. and integrated cuit are now in everyday use. What do they mean?
In an integrated circuit, a mumber of transistors, anything from three to 100,000, are made on a single piece of silcon between a Iwentieth and quarter of an inch square and less man a nanarcom tick ta suicoo chip"), together with other associated components, Even in their packages they are still quite small.
The first ones, made in the early 1960s for use in nuclear missiles, were
is no object for the warmongers!
Microcircuits soon became cheaDer and more sophisticated. By 1970 the s moler devices were chean enounh for computers to be mainly built of them. They cost less, were smaller, and were cheaper lo assemble than circuits made of separate parts.
At the same time, more complex circuits containing a lew thousand transistors were appearing. breakthrough was coming.
It happened on several fronts. Perhaps the most visible is the pocket electronic calculator.
COMPLEX
posite by the developme of thie
so complex that a single one could do the job (several thousand transistors even for the simplest calculator), and DraG producer shapi chois for peopie to afford them
Since then, the technology has so advanced that some calculators are like small computers.
Different and much simpler chips ToDd their way into ine home in televisions and radios. make much difference lo television itself. It performs a little vetter and breaks down less often The main impact i in making then,
They use fewer parts and are a lot casier to adjust. Consequently they can be made with lewer workers, at less cost. since televisions were first developed
An ordinary black and white sel now costs about the same in money TENS A EUC much better set. The value of money
Is much Cheuper in real lerns
The cost of a computer of given power is falling in moncy terras. This as due to continuing improvements in integrated circuits cram more and more onto a single silicon chip (100.000 transistors in some typest. As they learn more about making them, the price falls.
Recently another development bas
"microprocessor". This is the 'central
single silicon chip. In some simpler
and parts are included too.
The central processor is the part of the computer that reads and obeys the DEE CEMETE They BUT TOL powerful computers, ranging from the equivalent of a 'scientific pocket calculator to the smallest minicom-
The simplest ones are very cheap, though.
By themselves they do not achieve much. The more powerful ones car be
WHAT'S LEFT
Pubication. Payment in advance
TYPISTWANTED
amirate with last, accurate lyp
TOO VICIN
Wages Eo:
15,000 CONNECTIONS: Bellain and Southem
What TUC Chained ti 1S00 NWTUCI. Work.
and youth,
Manchester.
Apartheid. 38 Tinsern Ave, Manchester maTCh 1880808059
SURPLUS VALUE
chip' cir- chips PREENS,
Interesung.
TO COTHE SHEET
mind
BABECIL greater.
The expensive.
The Industrial
as in televisions DI
the product.
*scientific" keep them working
the automation
They don't
the the number required,
AUTOMATION
never mind silicon chips.
long time yet.
Basically these in social advance.
The designers
with no extra effort.
develope ente oly
development
Indeed,
cluidren wilh zlowing low automation
labour that people
leisure tinic.
resemblance to PEOPLE NEWS SERVICE SIRCH
sad in producing the
SOCIALIST SCOTLAND: a new Mars
BABQUE COMRADE from the Four
синкі во да ріста:
02250571.
used, with large numbers of other
small minicomputers more cheaply. More
building these devices, especially the smpic, sicap oocs, into machine previously too inexpensive to benefit
Some microprocessors are cheap chouch to put in washing machines
lathes and milling minchines. The recent noblicity comics from the fact that this has actually
It is at the humble level that the impact of the microprocessor will probably be greatest. After all, the means to automate a production hine have been available for a long time.
Microprocessors will not make possible anything that minicomputers could not do five years ago, though they may make it cheaper. But at the cheaper end, the impact will be much
Building a £3,000 minicomputer intos single machine was usually too
Building in a microprocessor is often well worth the cost.
In the meantime, simpler types of
become cheap that the humblest domestic or mansar maccine may contam area,
impact of silicon chines many letter two sas Tol
electronic вестов слелапися, By aie usca L
This is then simpler, quicker, and cheaper to make and goes wrong less often. This means that fewer working hours are needed to make them and to
Secondly, they may makeeconomic
of tasks formerly requiring direct human supervision of effort. Again the effect is to reduce
of working hours
This is nor new, of course. Automation came before electronics,
Boch processes have heen occurring on a
argescale for a long time, The pace of development of modern technology craures that they will continue for a
amount of human labour required to
within the community as a whole, or they improve that standard of vint
In other words, they could lead to a
horter working day and a better lift
or all. Karl Mars long ago pointer
for the highest the forces of production in achieving socialism
WaS young, lots of hooks were written for
would soon reduce the need for actual human
would have difficulty in ocupying their estra
Even leaving aside Le exaggerations, the reality of today hears little
this picture. The standard working weck is still 40 hours, Workers still come home worn our by back-breaking manual labour.
dency publis ПЛАИНОЛИ РОКОВИ ЛИМАРеЕ СІНИ ГСП FUS DO CUP LONDO a Holbom Tu OMEN G STUDE
cation Mg cent departure of ПО 00012 WEA. All cissnes rur ler 24 weeks. OWER HAMLETS Secinat Uni
We urgendly need books. tapes elc С8H 02.1н4
looking for Any Amenia. G331S
for us by the revolution in electronics happening instead.
There are also 115 million people on the dole
Newspaper Beadlines about auto. mation are more likely to thousands made redundant' thar 'working week cur. So what wen wrong t
Britain today is a capitalis, societ
the motor force of the economy profit. If astomation is introdaced anto a factory it costs the owner
del Manor Park. With.
130mble 12 ng
amara practiseo
no alis
Sponsored by
records,
Bring anythi
792225xB. Cosing date 20 Do
1110
JAMES BLANCO WHITE looks at the possibilities opened up
money. In return, they want more profic Having introduced new methods, say the factory owners will not wish to cur the working week to match. That would give to the workers the benefir of the owners' expenditure, which would contravene ibe nature of a property owning sociely. Rather, they want to keep the amount of wor done by cacit emplovee the sane.
MULTI-RACIAL marival
thems marie bella stage
RED LADDER a • conectively sara company bea Aracles on the Minority Movemens. the
BEp SLATES LEROCI
Chips with
everything
- and what is actually
BENEFIT
and
investment All
affairs unplanned i
society
That les
to preserve jnbs. reduced price)
redundancies
ONE-DAY FESTIVAL CoWard A
Ing ana puttering se
Rama Eusin Sinion. Readings an
ne country. Licensed bar, Adm. Ine
Organised by the Fecarlien of Wre
tANDS OFF IRELAND Ne 5 new o
Articles induce 102B-75 by A Grosr
THUND
mascamelly. Pus reports on Ph
July demonscailen and rece
ABORTION
CHEUESE
Camden Po. London N
The improved method increases
workforce sultans to reoute mens and is sacked for used to make more of the product,
other elscubere redundant).
hus the tactory owners make more profit, since the cos of lubour per item produced has fallen.
In real life, competition in the market place usually means that some of the benelis has to be passed on to the consumer (perhaps also a worker)
possible labour relations difficulties' may mean passing parto the benefit to the factory's workers.
The factory's owners always keep a large chunk for themselves, though That is the whole point of their
this aka has another consensence. As long as this state of
continues, the individual such advances in technology. As bad as 40 hours hard labour may be. it is mach better than unemployment with lo of leisure. and no way to cnicy
This problem is inherent in the
economic anarchy capitalism. As long as considerations of profi; rule over all else, the benefits of improved productivity of buman Jahour will not be enjoyed in our
Only in a plaused coonomy can Lechnology yield its fell fruir for the beefit of humanity
in the future, unfortunately: What can workers do now if faced with acoration or with mike! The most likely answer is le demand a shorter working week si a:
This is not an easy demand to win Management will fight very bard against it, Not only does it give the benelics of the improvements to the workforce, it may also leave the factory uncompetitive in the marke place against others which did not concede this demand.
The alternative would be to demand that the rediced coss he passed on in reduced prices, and that the surplus labour he redeployed to make other products (lo mop up the extra spending power due to cho
But the Is apt to lead to bidden
elsewliere, and the redeployment is not often possibis
- PADDINGTON Eat aD Sept 12 naan-lipme
Mighty-Shades, Innonents, May buys LAYS CRONE
OTTINGHAN PERA ROAMS TIN resar Dann, E
Feliclly Jones. tel. Sheirield 33742 Soclalist Challenge 28 September 1978 page 13
Page 14 scan of this page
SOCIALIST CHALLENGE EVENTS
COMMENT
Missing
the point
1 FIND John Ross's reply to Steve Skaith (14 September) rather strange, Surely it misses the point to quote, in reply Trotskyists Mate question mistakes?",
example hlack nationalism in the USA — where Trotsky proved to be right! Rather, shouldn't the reply
been *yc, Trotskyists, like anyone ele, can be wong.
Examples of this, which 1 suspec Steve Skaith had in mind, would be the overestimation of the tionary situation in post-war Europe, the tacties of the Troeskyists in Haly cince 1968, even the mistakesmade by the IMG: The point is, herwever, that noteot ilod ons which understood corrected, lead to the rejection of revoluitionary Marxism, Trotskyism, as the best known and historically proven guide political action.
But the tortuous history of the Fourth International in Britain, and the lack of continuity of the IMG, Wieh prol mot eter witht hete.
SBtTM Trotskyists still have a lot to learn, CICI 'back ward' perhaps working CE OD class
revolutionary movements and tradi tions, and that questions of tactics and organisation are also important, as well as having the programme?
JOHN STRAUTHER [Liverpool]
Consistency
in method
heartened to read Lar
Gardner's letter The Ghosts of the Dead' response to John Ross's article 'Crisis (14 SColCiCs.
ofibe Far Left in Europe', It raises a number of important questions that
need to be discussed.
Carl takes John to task for
uncritically COHLTDUAE
"dlassical Marxism" of the Fourti
International to the political maddle
put forward by the European Tar lett
oi the "60s. John is obviously right
that, ngainst these other currents, the
Fl's direct and organic links with the
revolutionary practice of Lenin and
Trotsky chable us to base ourselves on
vital gains in revolutionary theory and
like Lenin's
organisation'
The tactics of the united front and
transiticase deman the
Phased
understanding that to gain the active
support of the working
fundamentally a political task,
widning them decisively away from
the ideas they 'spontaneously
at in capitalist sociery (which take
many political forms, incioding trade
unionism and reformiam).
We in the Fl. however, cannot
simply rest on our laurels.
NORTH WEST
WARRINGTON Socislist Challe
Chatlenge ellions 12 CE1- 33HCHESTER Socimilat
ot onclea in ratacil atei or and would uke to
pinase oomsel Chiis (273 5967)
Mi-nghestor BALFORD Sorialiet Chattinga sur: PICHaT.
be contacsed
alfices Tei ber Boeianer Chatil
le Manchesiwr Sociarist
Ballsi Challenp
Socialist Challenge 28 September 1978 puge 14
BAD
TASTE
"can't
course':
revolu-
over into all aspects of our work political
the relase and ber
working -class cadership,
better it gets).
that
most
and asfects of our work. Ross's article failed to do.
LEWIS EMERY (Bristol) cotrect
Shallow
sexism
shallow, in bis
Iself
momeut to join a leit group.
Ali accuses some socialists of
hon. ne
larly towards ils own sexism.
the existence
*theory of
for example, Leninist
43.3I tas o8 forward.
arrive
the motives of non-aligned
thinkiog of are mainly men.
GILL HAGUE(Islagion] We
MANCHESTER Challengo group menten inn h Alben bermeen 11 tam Rd.
Lonpriphr Mariai, Detensan Rd.
NORTH EAST Sociallat acal supporiers are activel if you wan e Eh them, chone Pale on 100 DURHAM Sociatist Challange us Group Pianter Callages LONDON Bex ss Londen ish, Cebais Fam HARROW Sociallel Challon WALTHAM FOREST paper sales overy
wrongly believed tbat a mass warking class fightback was on the agenua Ln 1974-8. Whyt — because the Leninist meihod embodied in the Transitiona. Programme isn'1 consistently carnea
This can lead us, as Carl points out, to underestimate the political nature
berween reformist and expressed occasionally ai a species of 'economic determinism' (the worse it geis the Allen
Focusing the attention of the working class on "politios at the level of the state' is absolutely no guarantee ofavoiding these errors. To think this matter, is to confuse form with content. It's provide vital that we recognise precisely what it is we are defending when we defend the Transitional Programme, so that we can develop and apply il to al
Tis comrade TARIQ ALI is entertaining if
article slamming non-aligned socialists (7 September). Much of his analysis is rightly the subjecl of debate and anguish lo TIC THE those of us who feel unable at the
non-aligned being deal, however. while appearing himself to be blind and oblivious to the struzeles of feminisme lo a sweepine generalisa-
dismisses women's movement as a 'cultural' grouping, and the whole article gives off a fecling of unconsciousness, particu-
The analysis undorgivably neglects
an independent socialisr feminist current, Thousands
of socialist women have looked at the
present state of affairs on the lett and
have made a conscious choice to be non aligned and to be part of this current. In the last year, particularly-
surged
Ali doesn't even mention thii
phencmenon, nor the reasons why it
cane into being, in his examination of
Presumably the non-aligned he is
Socialles
TOWER
Organeing & Tetibuck in einst Callage supporiers S.W. LONDON Socialist apho-
Chal-
WALTHAMBTOW sartera can Socidist Challenge eg
LEYTON HAIES
Cultural
terrorism
IN AN eroellent review, Paul Tickell (24 August) explains why and hos
Jones's graphic works are 'sexist and voyeurist" strates how the work fails to provide a colerent critique of the iniages Temale sexuality that are its subject
He shows how the sefusal to
La context ETEETILC history in aescheticism") ubderpins that failure. He also sees some value In the "feeble" comment the work maker on tie connection berween commodity fetishismt and women as sex objccts:
For this Ann Bond (7 Septeniber) calls him "bberal' and says he side with "sexium" and "art for art's sake'! The Bash Stroet Kids (sante issue) say he accepts laestheticism" and, worse, that we should support feminists who
tear the lithographs to shreds"
Trotsky, in 1924, defending Llk revalution on all froots, tentative chan these feminists in tbeir assault on the ICA, He too attacked "Eberal" laieez faire in the arts and asserted the need tpoisonous tendencies". But he was daunted by the difficulty of drawing
The sest? -Can it be reconciled with materialisen or can it pot? Has this question been decided? Where and when and by whem?'
No such worrics trouble the cultural terrorists abroad in England in 1978. But mounting attacks (by the state or ochers) on poltical rights and freedons in hourgeois sociely is an
even more perilous activity rhan it was in Bolshevik Russia.
Not obly may the same attacks be
made on the working class (Tameside
ban), but when they taike the ferm or
the spontaneous militancy espoused
by your correspondents they are sure
to distract from and substitute for
political (as opposed le physical)
strugale,
In the face of the organised,
phycical assault on the working clas.
that is fascism the position of ao
platform* bos in some circumstances
been legitimately raised. And this has
heen used by many on the left as an
cacuse to ignore the political struapie
apalnst reformism and racism.
Should we exiend this taclie and,
worse, the accompanying
exism und the arts? No pastinate capresins af ndigma- working class require
side the pce
HAMLETS Socialis!
tort- prely.
Ram, B0p (Süp alaimanla:
SOUTH WEST
Camme" aras and Ihe Latcur Parly
HACKNEY Sasatte Velenase are
YORKSHIRE
12,362 cop
Srer dan a heaagle s: 50 Hon 31
HwsagenIS
tion' on picket lines which the Kids suggest, still less the destruction of offending works, still less the verbal equiyalent of foot-stamping froa Ann Bond They require what Paul Ticketl provides, critique of works of art. It is his revie's: struggle against sexim.
JOHN FITZPATRICK
SW9)
Appeal for
Turkey
I AM writing to you on bebalf of Emekci-Der (Tum esme AT ITITSTESI which stands for "Working People's Association for Unityand Solidarity', and which is based Turkey Tirsi 1 would like to say something ahout the situation in Turkey, As you no doubt know, Turkey is a country made up of twp peoples, the Kurds and the Turks, both of whom bang been suffering lor some cime from exploitation and backwardness under the yoke 01 oligarchic dictatorship Alsa, sinse it is un Ilantic society women in particular have suttered cxrra discriminacion in all faces of their lives. One imporlant seotion a1 Women's Secretarial, which works TEHEALECR -IS. amoue working class women, ll is trying to encourage women to Lhtow off their old chains, to become aware of the importanos bappening, andto loin the anti-faszist struggle.
As part of this work, in a ew sonths time phacagraph and poster entitled "Women and Fascism', and we nood the help of our European sistera. Mainly we noed photograpls nf fascist tortures. massacres and harbarities, from both bistory and the present day. Aso photographi aud posters of wonsen's demonstrations, or of womhen struggling tascism.
Weask you if it is possible for you to send us these types of photopraphs or brochures and magazines whicr include them. Ocherwise, perbaps you could recommend rrors t0 organisations which might be able to help us with material of this nature What thi
Althouch we cannot offer to pey you in moucy for theve documenes, we
Anter the Rain: Nick Gold n-shew eraaod dosimantary a
Walmgate movemenl Fricas 13 Ccl.
MIDLANDS
-LEAMINGTON H am tem n ato "Hale in the Ground', Haymartet
DEWSBURY Socisitat Chalange saice SOUTH EAST
HUDDERSFIELD Socialise Challongr salee regulady Salurcays 11am-tpm 2949
can send
address is:
a historical materialist
IRFAN CORE which takes forward the
(London Emekciler BirlDernegi). import controls
in Iscanbul,
Cheup favoured by
whose
imperialism and
wages low,
the Emckci-Der
What: 3
we will organise
exbibition warkers
alternative. againsr
ment BHNC all foreign trade IHM TOM SOTTHM * Tan
112.30-1,45)
supporlers It 1000h0u1
Socimiat Chaliene Spiskcr
Gammanny Cerai, Lear g COLCHESTER
Pre Done Sieve on Wisereoe
YOU copies of OUE publications when they are ready, or siber information abour che situatior in Turkey if you are interested. .Our
Entekci-Der. PK 324 Osmanbey, Istanbul, Turkey.
(Secretary, Emekci-Der]
Import
controls
-you're
wrong
YOUR STAND on the question of
September). " incorrect. You advance an argumens against import controls that does not differ froi that of any Tory or Liberal supporter of froe trade-
IRONS naturally.
Lhte purely capitalisis, and by those capitalists
pruducts are net dicoctly affecred and who see such imports as useful in that they redoce the workers cost of bing, that is, licip to keep
"unfair" competition opposed hy capitalists in the sanie line ot production and by some trade union bureaucrars; but one cannot just shuc one's eyes to the opposition from a very large number of workeis
To your argument thar quotas only expori unemployment. they will giv tbe renly tbar cheap imports omg Import unemploymest. On the otber
we don't bin
abroad how can we sell abroad?
Il is the task of socialists to make
understand such insolable contradictions are inherent in the capitalist mode of prodaction Socialis do not stand on the ground
of capitalist ccomantics — quatas or no quetas, carifis or no tarifls, crc. The workers demand a positive
Ic is no help lo tbem to say, 8s yoi
do: Import controls... cannot form
aby part of a socialist alternative to
the crisis". One has to think ane argur
- what would a
tom tne statpoes
truly atolu nd cane ofrs SOVeLn-
memedate casis would be to comtrsl And
HUGO DEWAR (Redhill)
IBATH Boelalist Challange sales.sse: JAMIUILOS C.0 Fis wres. Hing Bai further dene a oractivcie ISLE OF WIGHT r0039 Sadellei Challenge trom ha dE Shop
SCOTLAND Forinierma prabout the Socialst
das. Friday and Situndiy afiernoon: Oper
EDINBURGH Socialist Challong
DUNDEE Inlarmation abcut Socialisi Challenge sct-vniez fram B4 Queen St Glasgow, Jein in SC saes outno
awuiuas TomreD
Page 15 scan of this page
I didn't write "The Woman' from a woman's point of view
themselves.
need white men to teach them how to speak.
either.
The West has always tried to
intelleciual purdah. How little, for examine have women neen tree to contribute to written culture? In the last few centuries, a few novels and poems:
Yet it is written culture which by feeding on its past is able to evolve into elaborate interpretation of human beings relationship to the world which is essential to any social ander.
This is the domain of ideas
analysis from which women have been excluded. Instead they have been relegated to Seasury intuition'
They have related to the world only through a manwritten culture. Only when they speak and write for themselves Will InCy DECAK out of this intellectual purdah.
NORMAL
Instead of writing from the anman's "point of view?, Ftried to treat the women in the play as normal human beings. showed them capable of facing. underine moral and political understandinn problems as men.
People reach maturity, be come more than caldren br serfs, only by understanding
moral probiems.
Mark pointed out that morality
UNDER REVIEW
Playwright Edward Bond explains why:
IDID NOT write The Woman from a woman's 'point of view*. I think the underprivileged should speak for
That's one reason why I've always supported the playwrights' ban on South Africa. Black men do not
And women don't need men to do that for them
history but works on a class basis. He also points out that LOLLICI action.
It is this action that has created a crisis in the classhased Christan humanism in most Westerners were brought un. Morauty Is no longer a matter of religion bur DIPOICE DILEMMA It seems to me that any play ich has contersporary vance must confront its protagonists with this new moral and dilemma: and the solution to this dilemma — the resolution of the play — can only be stated in terms of political action.
There is no other interpretation of morality In the last few years I have written three history plays. The NOUR ANS OR ASCOTLED (The others were Bingo and The Pool cach or tues plays ook: at a turning point in history, WENDIC CULTURES ANICE pretation of moralicy became HE ISSUSE CLUBLE THIEC human devclopment. ionship between socia omy and the culture which is produce to relate poppi ain social organisation to
As tecbnology and cconomic does social structure change bet
rele
something just though not so casily noticeable: Human subjecrivily, human consciousness, changes And this change in human consciousness
ecOn
Because of its class basis, the structure of society is based on that past economic structure
human consciousness is always changing in response to the present cconomic structure. And so there is conflict and
85 dramalic crisis
which ihey are not made.
development further,
CONCES COMIN but
reason to discern
This
shows the reason in human produces rational
consciousness.
PLAY society
shon
ideas and concepts.
Usages
create the socialist
Present worl socialist
creating these iniages
ramilies into the media.
1.EFT to right: Yvonne Bryceland as Hecuba, Paul Freeman as The Dark Mun, and Nicky Henson as Heres
people are quite Eterally living in a sociery for being
This is the basis of political
Culture is not something we inherit-from the past, from the
If it the resolation of the
social and the Living. economic structure and human For consciousness I is ine use ot theatre
order and evolution in what often seems random or chaotic experience.
is also incidentally theatre definition of art. Dramatic art
embodiment activity. lE anew image of the real world activity becomes part of new human
Children have to play: We revolution often forget that adults
played to People need nor only the narcissistic image of the mirror, but images of them selves and others as members of
Consider how moch titse people spend watching and comedy series on TV wind
scenes which are sur posed to interpret their and ences Lives People need these Images as much as they need
The problem is that often the rational. They Lo sit help 10 are
which is the onl rational relationship to tho
evolution of history Dr development say st
ey. Cily the H-bombs could do that, and they are in fact the only alternative to the socialist
So we have to createimages of
consciousness. No doubt in our time these images are transitional. But speaking from the security of middle see, it scemsto me that many of the new young dramatists are
That is why the cheatre's influence goes far beyond its immediate audience, Its ellect
The media have difficulty in
THIC HEI They are controlled by money interest and are rorosd to try to keep alive the redundant socialimagery of capitalisin and its corresponding forns of moraLy and human consciousness.
They are lie dead teaching
several reasons the has a precarious freedom front some of the controls that warp orber media.
That's way parts of our present
are politically and THE SEATSESHIC
You can't make a revolution in the theatre. That is made in
-and only when it is made will people be able to relate rationally to the world Then we will see the creation of a new human subjectivity
But equally obvious, 1 should think, is that the work of every
is partly cutural, Not only in providing vivid progaganda on specilic issues.
Ret aho in creating amages, patterns, of the new sort of human being. a new moral
To see Edward Bond'splay "The Woman'
Take this paper to the National!
The Narional Theatre is making a special ricker offer for The Wantan to Socialist Challenge readers You can husk any available seat in advance or on the day at the reduced price of 52.25.
Performances are on the October: 3, 4 (mal. and cvc.), 13, 14 (nat. and ere.) 16. Andin November. 10and I1 (mut. and eve.). Tickets from the Olivier Theatre bux office. South Bank, London SEL. Waterlou tube. Open 10am-8pm. Tel 0i-928 2252. Take along this issue of SC for the special otfer.
Birmingham Socialist Challenge Festival Debates - films - music - stalls Saturday, 30September, Ilam-11.50pm Speakers include: TARJQ ALI, ROBIN ALACKBURN, DUNCAN HALLAS (SWPI JON BLOOMFIELD (CP)
Music includes: BELT & BRACES RED ROCKSHOW Aston Universicy Students Union Tickets E1.S0in advance from: 76b Digbeth, #'ham. Tel 021 643 9209.
consciousness
We have to show theory and analysis implier in human life. in day to day living as well as in CEEPSE ATE LU STEAL SLAM human subjectivity appropriate to a changed world. WC OBE sart to do tha. now in the
The Woman is in two paris The first shows the classical world of beauty and order. This world i still put forward as a moral example. I have shown
squalor which it is based. I have alse ShOwn that # could not changed by che principles of human: son
In the second half I have mude sonne of the characters sand for WORSTRIES history. They are not abstrac lous because 1 estanlish their individeal humanity in the frs
But 1 show them acting cut the logical develgatert history, And hearing in tun thi: God is a Woman. I have represented histocy as a woman with a sword under her skirt
Tollowing dates in Socialist Challenge 28 September 1974 puge 15
Page 16 scan of this page
Were we right to go to Brixton? YES! YES! YES!
Cheques, POs and Money Orders should be made payable to 'Socialist Challenge'
- ly Relgecrest Lad. for Socialist Chullenge 328/9 Upper St, London NI. Printed by Goodbend Press Lid., 25 Murdock Rd, Hicester.
Anti Nazi League.
Defence Committee.
mobilise in a month of Sundays they all oppose the ANL.
MICK GOSLING says yes.
In tEc ccs l Some Senns the biggest crime of the ANL seerns to be chat it has won mass support.
Principaily through musical activities of RAR, it has: created an electric combination of music and politis which has drawn tens of thousands of working class youth into anti-fascist activity.
The decision to bold Carnival Tin Brixton was not accidenla! After all, it has one of the largest concentrations of West Indians in the country, is but a uce s lEtOw TaR LeaSIam and hasitself been the object of
, racist ATALAN racism and police harassment are nile.
WELCOMED
But what made Brockweil Park an even better venue for Carniva] 2 was the decision of Lambeth Council to underwrite InC C0sls 012 Mman8aco0
local carnival. Local Labour
the marchers into the park.
everte ess. the to go ahead with the Carnival
W'as a dilliul one The East End'i Brock Lane has been the 10Cu01 racist arracksthe fight back against them — nationally.
Bat the question facing the I combat them.
SEVEN MORE drys te go before the end of this quarter's fund drive and this week's total is E1947.21. Altbough 1550 short, we are confident this Name
Address_ Complete and return to:
Registered with the Post Chifice is a men
THE DECISION of the National Front to stage a fascist parade through the East End last Sunday was an open provocation to the local community and the
In the wake of the NF's announcement came a torrent of advice for the ANL. Divert the Carnival to the East End, arqued the Hackney and Tower Hamlets
Every sectarian group in town jumped on the bandwagon to denounce the ANL for not diverting to the East End the forces they themselves could not
- not least because
So did the ANL and Rock Against Racism take the wight decision in pressing shead with the Carival?
ANL was not one of mobilising 50,000 anti-fascists against the NF march. it was whether The ANL was prepared to do battle the WIEN-TAAS Special Patrol Group on duty to guard the NF march.
DIVERTED That would bave been the concrete effect of diverting the Cornival → if it was ever to get mear the East End, This is not to say that the ANI should not have İrick Tane itself.
Both Tower Hamlets Defence Com mitter and lor all the solanan groups is that they had not decided whether their objective was the defence of Brick Lane oran attack on the NF march Consequently they helped to demoralise the who did turn up to defend Brick Lane and did exchude the NF from the most sensilive area of Spitalficlds.
Any criticisat of the ANL which makes stopping every Nazi march principle is wide of the mark — not beast because it would mean and of thar the NF docides where, waen, and on what political terrain we should choose to
OUR FUND DRIVE
SEILLE WEE BITIN offices in the next few days We have yet to include in the total the Ioney • determined cifors of Haringey
SUBSCRIBE NOW!
Domestic: 6 months, £5; 12 months, £10
Abroad: Airmail, £16.50. Surface, £10 per annum. I enciose a donation for the Fighting Fund of Socialist Challenge, 328/9 Upper Street, London N1.
Socialist Challenge
Anti
League
and SEIL
sent defend
But the anti Fascists
elTectively
IA Tac an nooBEnE response t0 provocation could have donc serious damage lo the ANL matter of - and thus actually impodod the
building of a mass movemeor MEA EHE US COULu Ard such a mass movement is
self-defence activities in plices like Brick Lanc.
supporters who organised food
-a0 •DUT
and Challenge Symposium from the Nor has the
counted from the sale of
vE ts loons
Nazi ter The Sunday's NI
against a
indisponsable basis for
Let US
bags at the ANL Brock well Park.
cash boen
cal Bitter
savage jail sentenoes handed down to tour East Enc Asian soutlis resenfly for the crimie of defending themselve:
gang of racists without a murmur of protest East End From the community, show that self-defence cannol be separa ted from mass mobilisation
accept that with proper organisation and co-ot-
T-shirts and out spocial hessian
Carnival al
With these sources of income -and an extra bip push from thie
Spied.
Next
quarter witl STanGTE
PLIEI
Altab
Photo: BOB WORKMAN (Gay Hams) dination more people sould have been sent to the East Enc Bisl ever 5,000 militants could not have altered the concrete the probleins facina Asians in the
It would have been etree. Bur ar the end of the day the 5,000 would have gone
Cour readers in the final week не hope to по over the lop!
This wees t145.36 came in Troms the summer lottery. And
WirEneT, w hu ls off on holiday in a fea dass, has a bie stock of books from The Orber Hookshop to keep hint occu-
week the special Socialist Challenge Chrisemas raffle will be announced. W'e WELTE BUL worries this
DUT supporters Jisappearing fo holidays, we have exiended the prize list.
There's lots in store for the winners, bet once spain the lottery's success will depend on the efforts of our supporters and readers in helping our with the sale of tickels.
We have many other fundraising ideas to pur into practic in the next quarter This will help with the paper's trances, but thie only long-terin solution is a big boost to our sales and subscriprions, and a final push obtae bankers orders
Euch week a lew more
horders arrive in our offices, We can bow count on
home, Who defends Brick Lanc when they leave?
The crux of the probiem in the Fas End in that despite the historic demonstrations MOTE strikes on 16 and 17 July, led by the Defence Consmittoc and the
Nazi League, the community itself is not yet won as a body to its own defence This is che only hass lor permaneat self-defence.
But, as we know, it takes the death of a Gurdip Chagger or
arouse community as a whole. Il is a sad Jact that anly Bengalis were repared to mohilise ugainst the NF march to Shoreditch on Sunday
the ANL', who have boen denouscine the ANL since ins inception, will exploit the real uregu and discontent oi Las Sunday to their owe advantage But the problems of building a mass anti-fascist and anti-racisi movement in this country are more complex than they appear at firse sight.
RADICALISED
The ANL/RAR alliance la radicalised tens af thousands of working class youth. One of the
Caraival was the welcore
by the black community of
A time will come when these lasers will have to be mathised in force apart from Carsivals
Nazis. Hur to have amninst the der o Sal tore N
Tall provocacion, in all likelihoad walk into a police trap, and
NOVIL ammunition JoT the
fosses' press which had spen
week witch-hunting the SWP
It was not an easy decision. Brick Lane was on the minds of most of the demonstrators who marched from Hyde Pack to Brockwell Park. But it was a negenary decision.
E32 from this source. Onls E138 nore to go by Xmax, and we'll have reached our taget of 1450.
Many thanks to the comrades who faichfully send uf their stamps from letters abroad, A supporter in Lei-
sorting through mounds of stamps, and thanks to his effars the fund drive grews!
Why not consider this effortless way of helping out the paper. Just put into the post la ls the corner of stamped envelopes.
Our chanksthis week to D Hacker E10 J Bristol Harry Wicks E10 D Griffithe P Tatersall Manchester supporters In memory of All Fleming Summerlottery E145.56
M White J McAlister Anonymous Leamington raders Pamela vean Total E214.56
← Socialist Challenge No. 64, 21 September 1978Socialist Challenge No. 66, 5 October 1978 →